Our reporter Liu Qunsheng is an expert Bian Yousheng.

　　Dialogue background

　　In recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, with Scientific Outlook on Development as the overall situation of economic and social development, have adopted a series of major policies to support agriculture and benefit farmers in accordance with the requirements of coordinating urban and rural development. All localities and departments have conscientiously implemented the central arrangements and earnestly strengthened the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The development of agriculture and rural areas has undergone positive changes and ushered in new development opportunities. However, it must be noted that the current agricultural and rural development is still in a difficult climbing stage, and the contradiction between the fragile agricultural infrastructure, the lagging development of rural social undertakings and the widening income gap between urban and rural residents is still outstanding. Solving the "three rural issues" is still a major and arduous historical task in the process of industrialization and urbanization. Only by building a new socialist countryside can we achieve the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Building a new socialist countryside is a major and urgent strategic task facing the whole party and society at present.

　　What should we do to make the rural economy develop and the farmers’ lives rich while protecting the environment? Bian Yousheng, a researcher at Beijing Academy of Environmental Sciences, put forward the idea of building ecological agriculture and started the research on the construction of ecological agriculture in the 1980s, which was highly valued by the state and formally established as a scientific research topic. Over the past 20 years, the construction of ecological agriculture has won the hearts of the people and achieved fruitful results. Recently, our reporter interviewed Professor Bian Yousheng and had a conversation on the topic of ecological agriculture.

　　Ecological agriculture is imperative.

　　Reporter: What is the basic connotation of eco-agriculture?

　　Bian Yousheng: What is ecological agriculture? It is to plan, organize and carry out agricultural production according to ecological principles. It must meet the following basic ecological requirements: first, the determination of production structure and the arrangement of product layout must be adapted to local conditions and matched with local environmental conditions; Second, the utilization of natural resources cannot exceed the renewable capacity of resources; Third, in the use of energy and materials, we should take what we have and make up for it, and maintain the ecological balance; Fourth, while using renewable natural resources, we should pay attention to cultivating and multiplying natural resources, so that the development of the whole production will move towards a virtuous circle.

　　Eco-agriculture is a comprehensive and coordinated whole agriculture. The starting point and the end result of ecological agriculture are all focused on the overall function of the system. There are three most important standards to measure the overall function: first, economic benefits, that is, production should be developed and farmers should be rich; Second, social benefits, to meet the people’s growing social needs for agricultural products; The third is ecological benefit, that is, maintaining a good ecological environment. Eco-agriculture should consider the rational utilization of all resources in the system, make a comprehensive plan for human resources, land resources, biological resources and other natural resources, make overall consideration, adjust measures to local conditions, make a reasonable layout, and constantly optimize its structure to make it coordinate and develop synergistically, so as to improve the overall function of the system.

　　Ecological agriculture is the concrete embodiment of generalized agriculture. The difference between it and narrow-sense agriculture (or small-scale agriculture) lies in: in terms of production content, it is not limited to planting, but diversified management and all-round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production and fishing. From the production area, it is not limited to cultivated land, on the one hand, based on cultivated land, and strive to improve unit yield; On the other hand, treat all the land as their own production sites. From the concept of food, it mainly depends on food, but it is not limited to food. It is based on nutrition science, and scientifically arranges and plans agricultural production according to the quantity and proportion of heat energy, protein, multivitamins and various minerals required by human nutrition.

　　In a sense, ecological agriculture is a combination of traditional organic agriculture and modern inorganic agriculture, and it is a benign circular agriculture with expanding energy flow and material circulation. Organic agriculture and inorganic agriculture have their own advantages and disadvantages. The former is beneficial to increasing soil fertility, while the latter is due to the addition of energy and material, which increases the circulation of material flow and energy flow. The best combination of the two, each promoting its strengths, each avoiding its weaknesses, taking its advantages and abandoning its disadvantages, is ecological agriculture. In this way, the energy and substances that accompany the goods flowing out of the system are constantly compensated and increased by supplementing from outside the system, maintaining nutrient balance, maintaining a good agricultural ecological environment, and continuously improving soil productivity.

　　Ecological agriculture is an efficient artificial ecosystem, and it is an efficient agriculture with coordinated structure and function. Different from the natural ecosystem, it adds human labor and intervention, so it is not only a simple natural reproduction process, but also an economic reproduction process. The two are intertwined, and through human labor and intervention, its structure and function are constantly adjusted and optimized, so that it can get greater output with less input and achieve better economic, social and ecological benefits.

　　Reporter: What are the characteristics of ecological agriculture?

　　Bian Yousheng: As an artificial ecosystem, eco-agricultural system has its own characteristics. On the other hand, the eco-agricultural system is an integral part of the biosphere, which has all the commonness of the biosphere, and these are the most basic conditions for the existence and continuous development of the eco-agricultural system. But on the other hand, as an artificial ecosystem, the eco-agricultural system is much smaller than the spatial scope of the biosphere, forming a more unique part, so it has its own characteristics. These characteristics are adaptability to local conditions, comprehensiveness, stability, sociality and selectivity.

　　First, adjust measures to local conditions. Compared with other sectors of the national economy, agriculture has one of the biggest differences, that is, agriculture is a category in which the natural reproduction process and the economic reproduction process are intertwined. Crops planted in agriculture, livestock raised in animal husbandry, trees planted in forestry and fish raised in aquaculture are all living things, all of which have their own growth laws and are all limited by natural conditions. Therefore, the production department of agriculture should pay special attention to respecting the laws of nature and social economy. The eco-agricultural system is based on the rational and full use of local natural conditions and natural resources.

　　But what is local conditions, the community has different understanding. Some people think that "land" is "soil", and adapting to local conditions means adapting to local conditions; Others believe that "land" refers to nature, and adapting to local conditions means adapting to natural conditions. In fact, these two understandings are not comprehensive enough, because they do not include socio-economic conditions with regional differences. The socio-economic conditions have a profound impact on the eco-agricultural system. Therefore, the correct understanding of adapting to local conditions should be based on natural conditions and socio-economic conditions, both of which are indispensable.

　　Second, comprehensiveness. What we call comprehensiveness has four meanings. First of all, the eco-agricultural system is a multi-factor and multi-level complex, and its structure and function are very complicated. Secondly, production measures and technical measures must also be integrated. Third, the development of production and the improvement of ecological conditions must also be considered comprehensively. The development of production must not be based on the excessive use of natural resources and the destruction of the ecological environment; On the other hand, we can’t unilaterally emphasize the protection of the ecological environment and affect the development of production. Fourth, the development of agricultural production must not be considered from only one sector of agriculture, but must be related to processing industry, transportation conditions, market needs and competitiveness. We should not be divorced from reality, but should comprehensively consider the relationship between needs and possibilities, current and long-term, and local and whole. Considering the suitability of natural conditions, the feasibility of technical conditions and the rationality of economic conditions.

　　Third, stability. The stability of eco-agricultural system not only means that the productivity of the system is not easily changed by external factors, but also includes two meanings: the dynamic stability of nutrient and energy balance and the stable growth of economic benefits of system output.

　　How can we ensure the stability of the system? Generally speaking, the stability of eco-agricultural system mainly depends on the complexity of system structure and the number and length of food chain in the system. The more complex the production structure and the more food chains, the more stable the system will be. If the production structure of an agricultural production system is very simple, such as only planting (or only raising), the system cannot be very stable, and the output of the system will be affected in the event of natural disasters, pests and diseases (or infectious diseases). However, if the structure of the system is complex and there are many food chains, then local changes will not have a great impact on the whole system. Therefore, when we consider, design and plan the production structure of an eco-agricultural system, we should consider its complexity.

　　Fourth, sociality. Eco-agricultural system can not be separated from social and economic conditions, it is a social-economic-natural composite ecosystem formed under human activities. This special artificial ecosystem changes frequently, and there are a lot of inputs and outputs of energy and materials. If it is not managed properly, the system will collapse. In other words, people can build an eco-agricultural system, but they can also destroy it. For example, human production activities, such as irrigation, drainage and fertilization, can affect the soil; Pesticides control pests and weeds, and herbicides can affect biological populations other than crops; Harvest, transportation, product processing and so on will affect the redistribution of products, and so on. These are all human factors that affect the eco-agricultural system.

　　Fifth, selectivity. There are many internal contradictions in the eco-agricultural system, so it is necessary to distinguish priorities, make clear priorities, and choose appropriate measures and countermeasures to solve them. If the choice is improper, it will have the opposite effect. For example, the energy flow and material flow in the system circulate and circulate in a certain order, and must not be reversed. As we often say, there is more water, more grass, more grass, more insects, more insects and more fish, which is in line with the actual situation and correct; Another formulation, that is, more pigs, more fat, more fat and more grain, is wrong, and the order of circulation is reversed, because grain is the primary production here, and if there is not enough primary production, it is impossible to have more pigs. The correct formulation should be more grain, more pigs, more pigs, more fat, more fat and more food. Therefore, in agricultural production, we should first understand the objective law and flow order of material and energy flow before we can decide what to catch first and then what to catch. Only by grasping the primary production first can we open up a way for the secondary production. Therefore, when studying and solving the internal contradictions of the eco-agricultural system, we must understand the structure, function and evolution law of the system, so as to choose the most appropriate countermeasures and measures, so as not to get twice the result with half the effort and get good results.

　　Reporter: With the increase of population and the continuous expansion of agricultural production, what problems are China’s rural ecology facing?

　　Bian Yousheng: The government of China attaches great importance to the protection and construction of agro-ecology. As early as the early 1970s, it started the planned and organized protection and construction of agro-ecological environment all over the country and made great achievements. Especially since the reform and opening up, the state has successively implemented a series of forestry ecological construction projects, such as the "Three North" shelterbelt, the shelterbelt in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the coastal shelterbelt, and built key water and soil erosion control projects in seven major basins, such as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, vigorously promoted the comprehensive management and comprehensive development of small watersheds, intensified desertification control, and strengthened the construction of grasslands and ecological agriculture, thus bringing China’s ecological environment, especially agricultural ecological environment, into a new historical stage. Various efforts made in the construction of ecological environment have an extremely important impact on China’s agricultural development and further on the sustainable development of the entire national economy and society.

　　On the other hand, from the requirements of development, the speed of agricultural ecological protection and construction in China is still very slow, especially with the development of economic construction, the further growth of population, the task of agricultural production is increasing day by day, and the agricultural ecological problems are becoming more acute. At present, there are still six major problems in China’s agricultural ecology.

　　First, serious soil erosion. One third of the country’s farmland suffers from different degrees of soil erosion, and the annual national topsoil loss is about 5 billion tons, resulting in the loss of more than 40 million tons of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. According to the comparative analysis of soil erosion area and control area in China in recent years, the control area only accounts for 34%-38% of the lost area. According to the current trend, if fundamental control measures are not taken, the soil erosion area will increase greatly, which has become a key problem endangering the development of agricultural production.

　　Second, desertification continues to expand. At present, the desertification land in China is expanding at a rate of more than 1000 square kilometers every year. More than 50 million people are affected by desertification, and nearly 4 million hectares of farmland and 5 million hectares of grassland are threatened.

　　Third, the cultivated land area is decreasing and the soil quality is deteriorating. At present, China’s cultivated land area is only 98 million hectares, and the per capita cultivated land is less than 0.087 hectares, which is only 1/3 of the world average. Over the years, China’s construction land has been offset by newly reclaimed farmland, and the cultivated land is still reduced by 400,000 hectares every year. With the continuous decrease of cultivated land, the quality of soil is deteriorating, mainly manifested in soil salinization and fertility decline. At the same time, due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the physical and chemical properties and ecological conditions of soil are declining day by day.

　　The fourth is the crisis of forest resources, which seriously threatens agricultural production. According to the results of the national forest resources survey in 1988-1992, the national forest area was l.31 million hectares, and the forest stock was 10.9 billion cubic meters, ranking fifth in the world. However, the per capita forest area is only 1/6 of the world’s per capita, ranking 121st in the world. China’s forest coverage rate is 13.96%, only 54.2% of the world average. Low forest coverage, vegetation destruction, ecological deterioration and frequent natural disasters have seriously threatened China’s agricultural production.

　　Fifth, grassland degradation is increasing. For a long time, grassland ecology has been deteriorating due to overgrazing, blind reclamation and neglect of management. At present, the area of degraded grassland in China is 87 million hectares, accounting for 32.6% of the area of temperate grassland in China, and the grass yield is only one-third of that in the 1950s, which greatly affects animal husbandry production and national economic construction.

　　Sixth, farmland pollution is getting worse and worse, and the ecological environment of farmland has been greatly damaged. With the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production and the rise of township industries, the discharge of industrial "three wastes" and urban domestic sewage and waste is increasing day by day, and farmland is forced to be used as a place to consume pollutants and is seriously polluted; Coupled with the sharp increase in the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural production itself, it also has a great impact on farmland ecosystems.

　　Ecological agriculture has broad prospects.

　　Reporter: In the early 1980s, the concept of ecological agriculture was put forward, and it was piloted in private villages in the suburbs of Beijing. More than 20 years have passed. What changes have taken place in Liumin Village?

　　Bian Yousheng: This is the first eco-village construction in China. With the support of the leadership of the State Environmental Protection Administration, according to the situation of slow economic development, increasing environmental pollution and ecological destruction and the shortage of land resources in suburban villages in Beijing, Liumin Village has carried out a series of environmental engineering construction: the industrial structure has been adjusted and completed, and the long-term single planting of rice has been changed to the all-round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and by-fishing; Comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes was carried out, and two recycling modes, the whole village type and the family size type, were established. Construction of new energy projects with biogas and solar energy as the main body; New waterworks and a series of municipal construction projects; Greening and beautifying landscape construction project.

　　After five years’ efforts, the total output of Liuminying Village increased from 620,000 yuan in 1982 to 16.4 million yuan in 1987, and the per capita net income reached 1,200 yuan, which was 27 times and 2.7 times higher than that in 1982, respectively, and the amount of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 45%. The whole village realized centralized biogas gas supply, reducing coal consumption by 3500 tons a year, and initially realized the coordinated development of economy and environment. In 1986, it was awarded the first batch of "Top 500 Global Environmental Protection" by the United Nations Environment Programme. His achievements won the first prize of the Ministry (1986) and the National Science and Technology Progress Award (1988) successively, and in 1997, he won the United Nations Science and Technology Star Award for invention and innovation, and his experience was popularized in 20 Yu Sheng cities nationwide.

　　After 1990, the private enterprises in Liuren further developed eco-economic construction, vigorously developed eco-industries, built pollution-free tourism products factories, built 800 mu of organic food production bases and 1,200 mu of water-saving farmland, developed agricultural sightseeing and picking tourism, developed service industries, and started driving schools and taxi companies. At the same time, they vigorously strengthened the construction of ecological environment, completed the biogas expansion project (a new 200m3 high-temperature biogas digester) and the renovation and expansion project of solar energy utilization, and completed greening. In 2006, the village’s GDP reached 263 million yuan, with a per capita output value of 310,000 yuan and a per capita net income of 10,000 yuan. Compared with 1982, the consumption of chemical fertilizer in the village decreased by 86.5%, and the forest coverage rate reached 40%. The successful construction and sustainable development of Liumin Village will play a good demonstration role in the construction of new countryside in Beijing and its surrounding areas.

　　Reporter: in addition to these ecological demonstration villages in the suburbs of Beijing, it is said that a series of ecological agriculture constructions have been carried out in some old revolutionary areas?

　　Bian Yousheng: Yes. For example, Xinxian County in Henan Province, located in the poor mountainous area of Dabie Mountain, was once a revolutionary base, the capital of Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet areas, and a well-known general county in China, but it has long been economically backward. Less arable land, barren land, complex natural conditions, frequent disasters, and difficult development and construction. Therefore, the construction and development of new counties can only develop ecological economy through environmental engineering construction according to local conditions, and improve and enhance their development capabilities. At the same time, we should strengthen the protection of resources, especially the protection of land and environmental resources. According to the actual situation of Xinxian County, combined with the relevant experience in the construction of national ecological demonstration zone, combined with the climate and resource characteristics of Xinxian County, the specific technical route was determined, that is, the economy of Xinxian County should be based on forestry and the comprehensive development model should focus on deep processing of forest products.

　　First, according to the characteristics and differences of the county’s ecological carrying capacity and resource distribution, the county is divided into six functional areas with different economic development directions; Second, according to the plan, the county has completed 86 projects in four years, covering economic development, environmental protection, urban and rural construction, farmland water conservancy construction, cultural industry construction and so on; Third, 13 typical models have been studied and summarized, and 19 ecological demonstration bases, 4 demonstration towns and 18 demonstration villages have been established.

　　After more than four years of hard work, the county’s economy has grown rapidly. Based on 1999 before the construction, from 2000 to 2003, the county’s total GDP reached 6.55 billion yuan (with a net increase of 3.15 billion yuan), with an average annual increase of 12.55%. The labor export income in four years totaled 600 million yuan (with a net increase of 340 million yuan), accounting for 9.2% of the county’s four-year GDP (with a net increase of labor income accounting for 10.7% of the net increase of the four-year GDP) The overall environment of Xinxian County has been further improved, with the environmental quality index increased by 6.3%, the disaster rate decreased by 11% and the land desertification rate decreased by 12%.

　　In recent years, Xinxian County has successively won six national honors, including National Ecological Demonstration Zone, National Sanitary County, and China Habitat Model Award. Its research achievements won the first prize of Xinyang City in Henan Province and the second prize of Beijing Science and Technology Progress in 2005, and its experience has been popularized and applied in more than 40 counties and districts in Henan, Beijing, Shandong and other provinces and cities.

　　Ecological agriculture benefits the country and the people.

　　Reporter: Can the successful pilot experience be popularized in the whole country, and what needs to be done?

　　Bian Yousheng: If China’s agriculture develops production in an extensive or predatory growth mode, its tremendous destructive power cannot be compensated by any powerful environmental protection work, let alone the sustainable development of agriculture. Practice since liberation has fully explained this point: on the one hand, it has made great achievements, fed 1.3 billion people and improved their lives, ensuring the needs of national economic construction; On the other hand, the cost is very huge, and the environment and resources have been greatly damaged. For example, soil erosion in mountainous areas is becoming more and more serious, desertification in the north, grassland desertification in the west and rocky desertification in limestone areas are increasing, and water resources are becoming increasingly scarce. In this regard, scientists have issued a warning of "unsustainable". There are also a series of problems such as pollution and acid rain caused by industrialization, which hinder the sustainable development of agriculture and even threaten the survival and development of the nation. The situation is very serious. In order to reverse the grim situation, China’s agriculture must solve the problems of self-protection and sustainable development. Therefore, China’s agriculture should seriously act according to the laws of eco-economy, realize the virtuous circle of production and pay equal attention to the three benefits, and achieve the unified and coordinated development of production, environmental protection and resources. Its successful experience and model is eco-agriculture.

　　Ecological agriculture is a long-term project, which benefits the country and the people. It is an effective means and main way to build a new socialist countryside and an inevitable choice for China’s economic development. Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council pointed out: "The 21st century is a key historical stage to realize China’s agricultural modernization, and modern agriculture should be efficient ecological agriculture." The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the protection of ecological environment construction, and clearly pointed out that the western region should speed up the pace of returning farmland to forests and promote the development of ecological agriculture and water-saving agriculture. Agricultural departments at all levels should further improve their understanding of the importance of ecological environment construction and protection and rural environmental protection, strengthen cooperation with environmental protection departments, vigorously promote ecological agriculture construction and rural environmental protection, improve the ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. In 1990s, eco-agriculture was formally included in the Eighth Five-Year Plan of national economic development. In 1993, the construction of eco-agriculture demonstration counties began, and in 1999, the State Council issued the National Ecological Environment Construction Plan. At present, the construction of eco-agriculture is being promoted throughout the country, and 50 pilot counties, more than 2,000 demonstration sites and 111 pilot counties have been built. The reserved area for artificial grass planting and grassland improvement is 14.82 million hectares.

　　Government support and guidance is the key to the development of ecological agriculture. In the construction of ecological agriculture, party and government departments at all levels should proceed from the overall situation and make long-term plans to actively carry out the construction of ecological agriculture. It is necessary to strengthen leadership, strengthen the awareness of eco-agriculture development, and actively formulate and introduce a series of incentive policies and support mechanisms to guide enterprises, farmers and all sectors of society to invest in eco-agriculture. Ecological agriculture is not an ideal slogan, but a realistic problem before us, which is the fundamental and real stamina of agricultural development. Whoever knows and starts early in this respect will take the initiative.

　　It is necessary to improve farmers’ ideological consciousness and cultivate new farmers with culture and technology. Eco-agriculture, as an agricultural ecosystem that promotes a virtuous ecological cycle and is conducive to the protection of resources and environment, has shown its rationality and scientificity in practice. However, from the specific work, some cadres and masses of governments at all levels and relevant departments do not understand the meaning of eco-agriculture, and some of them are even unfamiliar, and have not yet seen the importance of developing eco-agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to combine rural work, agricultural production and agricultural technology popularization, publicize and educate cadres and masses at all levels to raise their awareness level, and clearly realize environmental pollution and environmental ecological problems. Frequent disasters have become a major hidden danger for the sustained, rapid and healthy development of agriculture and even the national economy. Relying on industrial development, we should extensively carry out various forms of practical technical training and vocational training in rural areas, guide farmers to advocate science, accept new knowledge and methods, and advocate scientific production and lifestyle. The main body of ecological agriculture construction is farmers. Only when the overall quality of farmers is improved, the project of ecological agriculture construction, which benefits the country and the people, will get twice the result with half the effort.

　　Reporter: What are the positive significance of ecological agriculture construction to agricultural modernization?

　　Bian Yousheng: In a nutshell, the task of China’s agricultural modernization is to transform all agricultural departments with advanced science and technology, industrial means and scientific management, make a big fuss about 14.4 billion mu of land, make full and reasonable use of all agricultural resources, make the ecosystem more reasonable, and give full play to agricultural potential, so as to produce as many agricultural products as possible with as little labor as possible and meet the increasing demand of society for agricultural products to the maximum extent.

　　In order to achieve this goal, we must proceed from the actual situation of our country, conscientiously sum up our own experience, learn from the successful experience of foreign countries with an open mind, try our best to avoid the disadvantages that have appeared in developed countries and embark on a road suitable for our national conditions.

　　There are two basic situations in realizing agricultural modernization in China: first, there are many people and few land; Second, the level of science and technology is low, but the labor force is abundant. This determines that China’s agricultural modernization must adopt the strategy of sustainable development. The basic direction of this strategy is to explore and build on the basis of biotechnology, make full use of solar energy and water, make full use of China’s labor resources and agricultural resources, and make full use of all kinds of advanced science and technology and management methods to make the agricultural economy develop continuously and at the same time make the agricultural ecology in a virtuous circle.

　　Historical experience tells us that it is impossible to realize agricultural modernization without a systematic view and an ecological view. The rise of eco-agriculture and its successful practice give us new enlightenment: eco-agriculture does not need large-scale investment. By making full use of solar energy and water, it can promote the repeated use and recycling of materials in the system and obtain stable and long-term economic benefits, which is consistent with China’s current poor family and the strategy of sustainable development in agricultural development. Eco-agriculture can make full use of China’s rich human resources and 14.4 billion mu of land, and establish various types of eco-agricultural systems in a wide range of plains, mountains, grasslands, water surfaces and forests according to local conditions to provide a variety of agricultural and sideline products for the society, which is consistent with the spirit that the central government has repeatedly pointed out that the development policy of China’s agriculture must be "never relax grain production and actively carry out diversified management"; Ecological agriculture emphasizes the complex three-dimensional agricultural structure and requires diversified products, which is exactly the viewpoint of "big agriculture" and "big grain" that we advocate; Ecological agriculture takes protecting and improving the ecological environment as its guiding ideology and promoting the virtuous cycle of agriculture as its important condition, which is consistent with the requirement of "developing agricultural production, we must protect the agricultural ecological balance" in China. Traditional agriculture in China has the characteristics of organic agriculture, and many of them are in line with the principles of ecological agriculture. Therefore, the construction and popularization of ecological agriculture is not only suitable for China’s current national conditions and national strength, but also consistent with China’s traditional agricultural habits, and is an effective way to realize China’s agricultural modernization.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, made by the Supreme Leader, made a new statement on the current major social contradictions in China, pointing out that "Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the major social contradictions in China have been transformed into contradictions between the people’s growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced development". Correctly understanding and grasping this new major political thesis is of great significance for profoundly understanding the new historical orientation of China’s development and implementing a series of major strategic arrangements of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core on building a socialist modernization power under the new era conditions and realizing the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream.

　　Scientifically analyzing and clearly grasping the main social contradictions in China is an important prerequisite for the Party to formulate the correct line, principles and policies.

　　Grasping the key points to drive comprehensive work is the requirement of materialist dialectics, and it is also the methodology that our party has always advocated and adhered to in various periods of revolution, construction and reform. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "The study of various imbalances in contradictions, the study of major contradictions and non-major contradictions, major contradictions and non-major contradictions has become one of the important ways for revolutionary parties to correctly determine their political and military strategic and tactical policies, which all communist party people should pay attention to." To successfully promote the cause of the party and the state, we must accurately grasp the main contradictions in our society.

　　This is not only a simple philosophical truth, but also a profound conclusion drawn from summing up the party’s history. During the period of the new-democratic revolution, our party correctly analyzed the overall situation of social contradictions in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China, formulated the general line of the new-democratic revolution and a series of principles and policies, and won the victory of the new-democratic revolution. After the founding of New China, especially after the establishment of China’s basic socialist system, the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: "The main contradiction in China is already the contradiction between the people’s demand for the establishment of an advanced industrial country and the reality of a backward agricultural country, and the contradiction between the people’s need for rapid economic and cultural development and the current situation that the economy and culture cannot meet the people’s needs." This formulation was in line with the reality of our country at that time. However, due to complicated social and historical reasons, this correct conclusion did not persist. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, our party scientifically analyzed the main contradictions in the primary stage of socialism in China, further refined the formulation of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and put forward that "the main contradiction in our society is the contradiction between the people’s growing material and cultural needs and backward social production". This has provided important guidance for us to deploy the overall work of the party and the state. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, it is precisely because our party has formulated and adhered to the correct line, principles and policies according to this major contradiction that China’s socialist modernization has made great achievements.

　　History fully shows that the smooth development of the cause of the party and the state is closely related to whether we can accurately understand and grasp the main social contradictions with the changes of social and historical conditions and whether we can formulate correct political lines and strategic strategies on this basis. It is a successful experience for our Party to consciously apply Marxist contradiction theory to analyze and solve specific problems of China’s revolution, construction and reform by insisting on proceeding from the actual situation of our society, keenly grasping the main contradictions among many social contradictions and contradictions, and consciously deploying the overall work of the Party and the country around the main contradictions.

　　The new expression of social principal contradiction is determined by the objective reality of our country at the present stage.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a new statement about the changes of the main social contradictions in China, which was based on the new historical orientation of China’s development when Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, and had sufficient realistic basis. The report pointed out: "China has stably solved the problem of food and clothing for more than one billion people, achieved a well-off society on the whole, and will soon build a well-off society in an all-round way. The people’s needs for a better life are increasingly extensive, which not only puts higher demands on material and cultural life, but also increases demands on democracy, the rule of law, fairness, justice, security and the environment. At the same time, China’s social productivity level has improved significantly on the whole, and social production capacity has entered the forefront of the world in many aspects. The more prominent problem is that the development imbalance is insufficient, which has become the main constraint to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life. " This incisive exposition profoundly reflects the new changes in China’s social production and social needs. The original statement about "the contradiction between people’s growing material and cultural needs and backward social production" can no longer accurately reflect this changed objective reality, so it is necessary to make a new summary.

　　Let’s look at social production first. After nearly 40 years of rapid development of reform and opening-up, China’s social productive forces have improved significantly on the whole, and social productive capacity has entered the forefront of the world in many aspects. The long-standing shortage of economy and supply in China has undergone fundamental changes, and it is no longer realistic to talk about "backward social production". This is a remarkable change.

　　Look at the social needs. With the remarkable improvement of people’s living standards, their yearning for a better life is even stronger. The needs of the people are diversified, multi-level and multi-faceted, and the areas and focus of needs have exceeded the original levels and categories of material culture. Only talking about "growing material and cultural needs" can no longer truly reflect the changed needs of the people. This is also an obvious fact.

　　The above two aspects show that we need to think from the historical position of China’s social development, from the overall situation of the development of the party and the country, from the people-centered development thinking, and make new judgments and expressions on the main contradictions in our society. The key here is to accurately understand and grasp the changing characteristics of the primary stage of socialism in China, accurately understand and grasp the staged characteristics of China’s development, and identify the main factors that affect the satisfaction of people’s yearning, expectation and needs for a better life at this stage. Based on a comprehensive analysis of all aspects, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China holds that the problem of insufficient development imbalance has become the main constraint to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life. Unbalanced development mainly means that the development of various regions is not balanced enough, which restricts the improvement of the national development level. Insufficient development mainly refers to the problem of insufficient development in some places, some fields and some aspects, and the task of development is still very heavy. At present, China’s unbalanced development is not fully manifested in many aspects. For example, from the perspective of social productive forces, China still has a large number of traditional, backward and even primitive productive forces, and the level and layout of productive forces are very uneven. Judging from the overall layout of the "Five in One", it is not enough to promote the development of all aspects of the country and achieve balanced development and full development. From the perspective of regional development between urban and rural areas, the gap in development level is still large, especially the economic and social development of the old and young border poor areas is still relatively backward. From the perspective of income distribution, the income gap is still large, and there are still more than 40 million people in rural areas who have not been lifted out of poverty.There are still many people in difficulty in the city. These problems of insufficient unbalanced development restrict each other and bring many social contradictions and problems. They are the main sources of various social contradictions at this stage and have become the main aspects of social contradictions. We must make great efforts to understand and solve them.

　　The new expression of the main social contradictions in China in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is the result of adhering to the Party’s ideological line of seeking truth from facts and combining the basic principles of Marxism with China’s current concrete reality. It is also a scientific judgment of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, seeking truth and being pragmatic.

　　The change of the principal contradiction in our society is a historical change that has a bearing on the overall situation, which puts forward many new requirements for the work of the party and the state.

　　We must have a correct understanding of the changes in the main social contradictions in China, which are historic and have a bearing on the overall work of the Party and the State. We should adhere to the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, adhere to strategic thinking, innovative thinking, dialectical thinking, rule of law thinking and bottom line thinking, and think from the combination of history and reality, theory and practice, domestic and international, and draw a correct conclusion.

　　First, we must closely follow the theme of the principal contradiction in our society, and the focus should not be shifted. This new expression in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is about the principal contradiction of our society, not the principal contradiction of our economic development. Therefore, we must think from the historical position of China’s social development, grasp the main contradictions and their main aspects in China’s society in the new era, and our thinking should not be narrow.

　　Second, we must persist in thinking from the standpoint and method of materialism and understand and grasp this important judgment from the realistic social movement. The identification of the main social contradictions in our country should jump out of abstract ideas, state expressions and work requirements, so that the conclusions can stand up and stand the test of practice and history.

　　Third, we must persist in thinking from a global perspective, so that solving this major contradiction will play a leading and guiding role in the development of the cause of the party and the country. The new expression of the principal contradiction in our society in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is not a purely conceptual change, but must be implemented in all fields, aspects and work. It is necessary to closely contact the key tasks that the CPC Central Committee has focused on since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, what the Party is leading the people to do at present, the overall situation of social contradictions in China at this stage, the main tasks facing the development of the cause of the Party and the country at present, and the wishes and expectations of the broad masses of the people. It is necessary to coordinate and promote the overall layout of the "five in one" and the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, to implement the new development concept, to promote the development of various undertakings of the party and the country, and to keep pace with the people’s yearning for a better life.

　　Fourth, we must persist in thinking from the long-term development of the cause of the party and the state, and fully understand that this new expression is neither a narrow concept nor a short-term concept, but a time node that aims at achieving the goal of the second century in the middle of this century, and we must take care of the concept of a long historical period; Fully understanding this new expression not only has strong practical pertinence and work orientation, but also has strong historical adaptability and time tension.

　　We must correctly understand the great significance of the changes in the main contradictions in our society and the new requirements for the work of the party and the state. In accordance with the requirements of the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "on the basis of continuing to promote development, efforts should be made to solve the problem of insufficient development imbalance, vigorously improve the quality and efficiency of development, better meet the growing needs of the people in economic, political, cultural, social and ecological aspects, and better promote the all-round development of people and the all-round progress of society".

　　The change of the principal contradiction in our society has not changed our judgment on the historical stage of our socialism.

　　Changes in major social contradictions will have a wide and profound impact on China’s overall development, and we must fully grasp them. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "It must be recognized that the changes in the main contradictions in our society have not changed our judgment on the historical stage of socialism in China, the basic national conditions that China is still in the primary stage of socialism for a long time have not changed, and China’s international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed. The whole party must firmly grasp the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism, firmly base itself on the greatest reality of the primary stage of socialism, firmly adhere to the party’s basic line, the lifeline of the party and the country, and the happiness line of the people, lead and unite the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country, focus on economic construction, adhere to the four cardinal principles, persist in reform and opening up, be self-reliant, and work hard to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern power. "

　　We should correctly understand and grasp the following points on the relationship between the changes of major social contradictions and the primary stage of socialism in China.

　　First, the primary stage of socialism in China is the underdeveloped stage of socialism, and the level of economic development plays an important role, so we must persist in taking economic construction as the center. At the same time, we should also realize that the level of economic development is not the only condition that determines the primary stage, but should be linked with the overall level of social development. The report of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has made a profound exposition on this issue. This shows that our party’s understanding of the primary stage of socialism has never been viewed solely from the level of economic development, but from the overall development of the whole socialist cause, involving productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure, material civilization and spiritual civilization, and economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, ecological civilization construction and party building.

　　Second, the primary stage of socialism is a long historical process. Just as many aspects will change, in this long historical process, the main contradictions in our society will inevitably change with the development of society. But these changes do not mean that the basic national conditions in the primary stage of socialism have changed, but that they have changed in the historical stage of the primary stage of socialism.

　　Third, to know and understand the changes of the main contradictions in our society, we must accurately grasp the changing characteristics of the primary stage of socialism. We should adhere to the Party’s theory of the primary stage of socialism, while continuing to promote economic development, we should better solve various problems in our society, better realize the all-round development of various undertakings, better develop the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and better promote the all-round development of people and society.

　　In a word, it is very important to accurately understand the materialist dialectics of "change" and "unchanged" when studying the new expression of the main contradictions in our society in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

　　The profound exposition in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China about Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s entering a new era and the changes in the main social contradictions in China is an important content of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. This great theoretical innovation is a further understanding of communist party’s ruling law, the law of socialist construction and the law of human social development, and a great contribution to scientific socialism. Just as it is of great significance for the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China to make a judgment on the principal contradiction in our society, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China will certainly play a realistic and long-term guiding role in the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause in the new era and the ultimate realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Cctv news(News Network): The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs announced today (October 29) that since the beginning of this year, China’s agricultural and rural economy has maintained a good momentum of development in general, achieving stability and progress.

　　Grain production is improving steadily, with a bumper harvest of early rice in summer and another bumper harvest in autumn.

　　The supply of "vegetable basket" products is of high quality. The production capacity of live pigs is at a reasonable level, and the market supply is guaranteed in the later period.

　　The results of poverty alleviation continued to be consolidated. 832 poverty-stricken counties have cultivated two or three leading industries. At the end of September, the number of migrant workers out of poverty reached 32.687 million, exceeding the annual target.

　　The industry of enriching the people in rural areas has been cultivated and expanded. In the first three quarters, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industry increased by 1.9% year-on-year, and the online retail sales of agricultural products reached 374.51 billion yuan, up by 8.8% year-on-year.

　　Driven by industry and employment and entrepreneurship, farmers’ income has grown steadily. In the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 14,600 yuan, a real increase of 4.3%.

　　Yangzi Evening News (correspondent Wang Yunxi, Li Zhilai, reporter Wan Lingyun) Nowadays, more and more people keep pets. It is not unusual to keep kittens and puppies, but not all small animals can be kept. Ge Moumou, a man who lives in Zhenjiang Dantu, likes eagles, so he thought about getting one to play, but he didn’t expect to play with fire. "My legal awareness is too weak. I know that it is illegal to do so, and I always hold a kind of luck." On the 15 th, the Dantu prosecutor told reporters that Ge Moumou regretted it at the trial site.

　　According to the prosecution, Ge Moumou gradually became interested in falconry after listening to others say that eagle catching birds is particularly fun in QQ group. "Catch the eagle, have a private chat near Jiangsu", "Anyone who has an eagle, please contact me" … … In September 2018, Ge Moumou, who couldn’t help but be tempted, began to post information about buying an eagle in the QQ group. Subsequently, a QQ nickname "Suiyuan" took the initiative to add Ge as a friend, and sent a message: "There are eagle money here, and 600 yuan money is limited to self-withdrawal." Immediately, I sent another photo to Ge Moumou. Ge was so happy at that time that he fell in love with the eagle at a glance. Next, according to the agreed time and place, after Ge Moumou "inspected the goods", he took out 600 yuan money and gave it to the other party. But later, when Ge wanted to ask the other party what to pay attention to when raising an eagle through QQ, he found that he could not contact the other party.

　　Because raising eagles is expensive and laborious, after a month or two, Ge Moumou, 19, became bored gradually. But because it cost 600 yuan money to buy eagles in the early stage and a lot of money to buy eagle food, Ge Moumou didn’t want to lose money, so he posted information about selling eagles in QQ group. Later, just as Ge Moumou was preparing for the transaction with 1,500 yuan, he was reported by the masses and was arrested by the public security organs on the spot. Appraised by the Forest Public Security Judicial Appraisal Center of the State Forestry Administration, the animal sold by Ge Moumou is goshawk, which belongs to Falconiformes and is a national second-class protected wild animal. At present, the goshawk involved in the case has been properly fostered in the animal rescue station of Kaixin Zoo in Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, and released at an appropriate time.

　　On August 9th, the Dantu District Procuratorate prosecuted Ge Moumou according to law. Since his behavior has violated the provisions of Article 341 of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and constituted the crime of illegally purchasing and selling precious and endangered wild animals, the court adopted all the opinions of the prosecutor in court and sentenced Ge Moumou to four months’ criminal detention, suspended for five months and fined RMB 2,000.

　　The prosecutor told the reporter that in fact, when Ge bought the eagle at first, he knew in advance that the goshawk was a national key protected animal on the Internet. However, at a young age, he was still lucky and thought that he would not find himself so skillfully. As a result, he could not escape from the French Open.

Byd responds whether the old model can be equipped with the eye of the gods. With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and intelligent driving technology, BYD’s Eye of God intelligent driving assistance system has attracted wide attention. This system integrates advanced sensors, high-performance computing platforms and intelligent algorithms to provide users with a safer and more convenient driving experience. Consumers show great interest in whether this high-tech product needs regular maintenance and whether the old BYD model can be upgraded to the Eye of God.

The Eye of God system really needs regular maintenance to ensure its stable operation and prolong its service life. Because any electronic equipment may be affected by the environment or usage habits after long-term use, its performance may decline or even malfunction, so regular maintenance is particularly important. The maintenance contents mainly include: keeping the sensor clean and calibrating it regularly to ensure that it can accurately perceive external information; Update the software version in time to meet new challenges and improve performance; Check the state of hardware and replace worn parts if necessary.

Regarding whether the old BYD models can be upgraded to the Eye of God system, many factors need to be considered. First of all, the vehicle must have a hardware foundation compatible with the system, such as a specific type of sensor interface and computing unit. Secondly, BYD will decide whether to provide upgrade services for old models according to market demand and technological progress. Finally, users also need to evaluate the upgrade costs, including hardware replacement costs and software licensing fees, to determine whether it is worth investing.

Although the old BYD car faces certain obstacles in upgrading the Eye of God, it is not absolutely impossible. Car owners can make reasonable decisions according to personal needs, budget constraints and relevant information provided by the government. At the same time, vehicles equipped with the Eye of God system should also pay attention to daily maintenance to ensure that they are always in the best condition.

I don’t know if you know anything about what is introduced today. Let’s take a look at it next.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Lei Ling first. The front of Lei Ling looks very round and lovely, and the shape of China Net uses a big mouth design, which looks more avant-garde. Combined with clean headlights, it meets the "taste" of young consumers. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4640MM*1780MM*1435MM. The car adopts cold lines, and the side circumference looks very soft. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is eye-catching. In the rear design, the overall shape of Lei Ling’s rear echoes the front face, the taillights look dignified, and the unique exhaust pipe creates a good atmosphere.

When I came into the car, the interior design was sharp and the overall recognition was high. The steering wheel of the car is well designed, made of plastic material, and the visual effect is good. Take a look at the central control, with a 10.25-inch touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and looks sharp. The dashboard and seats give people a good feeling, too. Let’s take a look. The dashboard of this car presents a young design style and looks very soft. The car adopts imitation leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric seat adjustment and seat proportion tilting, which further improves the comfort of drivers and passengers.

Next, look at the configuration. Lei Ling is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), CarPlay support, CarLife support, HUAWEI HiCar support and other configurations.

I wonder if you are excited about this car introduced today? If you are also considering this car, you might as well go to the store to experience it at the weekend.

　　From April 18th to 20th, a special forum on "Understanding China Bay Area Dialogue" was held in Guangzhou Yuexiu International Conference Center. Focusing on the theme of "Chinese-style modernization and new opportunities in the world", the participants discussed the profound connotation of Chinese-style modernization and the new opportunities that China’s development has brought to the world. They believed that China has embarked on a new journey of building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way, embraced the world with an open attitude, benefited the world with a broad mind, and injected new kinetic energy into global development with its own development, and will continue to make new contributions to promoting the building of a community of human destiny.

　　"This is a development path that conforms to China’s national conditions."

　　To understand China, we must understand Chinese modernization. From adhering to the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership to adhering to the people-centered development thought, from taking the development road in line with China’s national conditions to developing people’s democracy in the whole process, Chinese-style modernization has aroused heated discussion among participants.

　　Zheng Bijian, president of China National Innovation and Development Strategy Research Association, said in his opening speech that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s reform, opening-up and socialist modernization have been further promoted, which has written a new chapter in two miracles: rapid economic development and long-term social stability.

　　"Why can China and the Communist Party of China (CPC) achieve such achievements? Finding the answer to this question will help us better understand China. " Ivan Meljnikov, First Vice-President of the Russian State Duma, believes that there is no only correct path for all countries to realize modernization. Instead of blindly copying the practices of other countries, China can keep pace with the times according to its own national conditions. "the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always regarded seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation as its initial mission. When formulating policies, we should first consider whether it is beneficial to the people."

　　Lord Davidson, a member of the House of Lords of the British Labour Party, said that China’s real development achievements show that Chinese modernization was not accidental, but was carefully planned and systematically promoted. "This is a development path that conforms to China’s national conditions and brings great changes to the lives of the people of China." For example, Davidson said that since the signing of the Framework Agreement on Deepening the Cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao and Promoting the Construction of Greater Bay Area for more than five years, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has become one of the regions with the highest degree of openness and the strongest economic vitality in China, and solid steps have been taken to build Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area with high quality, which is the result of China’s emphasis on long-term planning.

　　Martin jacques, a well-known British scholar and expert on China, believes that the quality of national governance determines the success or failure of national development, and China’s national governance system has a lot to learn from. The Communist Party of China (CPC) can reach a consensus among the people, thus promoting rapid economic development and long-term social stability. The long-term nature of China’s policy, the professionalism of state governance and the people-oriented practicality are all important factors to promote the development of China.

　　Senator Parrili of the Argentine Justice Party said that China has achieved economic development and improved people’s living standards, which is the result of adhering to the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. "This enlightens us that every country should choose the political system that suits it best, which is closely related to our future."

　　"Contribute to regional and global development and prosperity"

　　At the forum, the participants talked about China’s contribution to global development in the process of promoting Chinese-style modernization from the perspectives of new development pattern, balanced and inclusive development of the global economy, China’s unification of big market construction and new kinetic energy of global development, and promotion of a higher level of opening up, and firmly believed that Chinese-style modernization would bring new opportunities to the world.

　　Robert kuhn, chairman of the American Kuhn Foundation, said that China is the second largest economy in the world, a major trading partner of more than 140 countries and regions, and an important force in promoting economic globalization. "Chinese-style modernization has not only improved the living standards of China people, but also brought benefits to people all over the world."

　　Former Belgian Prime Minister Yves Letem said that China has made unprecedented achievements in economic and social development in the past few decades, and the realization of many global development goals has largely benefited from China’s contribution. While realizing its own development, China has also strengthened its trade with many countries in the world, which has promoted the economic and social development of relevant regions. I believe that China has the ability to promote more international cooperation and play a more important role in coping with global challenges in the process of modernization.

　　Yusuf Wanandi, senior researcher and co-founder of Indonesian Center for Strategic and International Studies, said that ASEAN and China have accumulated rich experience in development cooperation. Southeast Asian countries pay close attention to the process of Chinese modernization and hope to strengthen cooperation with China. Wanandi said that China has increased its investment in global development cooperation, is committed to narrowing the gap between the North and the South, and firmly supports and helps developing countries to accelerate their development. "Chinese-style modernization will not only benefit the people of China, but also contribute to regional and global development and prosperity."

　　Wen Kangnong, the representative of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in China, expounded the significance of promoting agricultural and rural modernization in China from the perspectives of food security and agricultural science and technology. "As an increasingly important strategic partner of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, China not only ensures its own food security, but also actively participates in and promotes regional and even global sustainable development." Wen Kangnong said that China has formed a relatively complete agricultural science and technology innovation system, and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and China jointly formulated the Country Planning Framework (2021— 2025), strengthen cooperation in three key areas: implementing the rural revitalization strategy, enhancing the resilience of the grain system, and strengthening international and regional agricultural cooperation, and work together to achieve common prosperity, protect the global environment, and create a better future for mankind.

　　"Promote the construction of a community of human destiny with practical actions"

　　On the road of modernization, China has always kept the world in mind, and put forward the idea of building a community of human destiny, the "One Belt and One Road" initiative, the global development initiative, the global security initiative and the global civilization initiative, which have contributed China wisdom, China’s plan and China’s strength to solving the common problems facing mankind.

　　"In the face of many global challenges, maintaining multilateralism and strengthening international cooperation are the answers to the problems. China issued the right voice and put forward the right initiative. " Letham said. Participants agreed that China’s ideas and actions are in line with the trend of the times and international consensus, and are conducive to promoting cooperation and exchanges in various fields in the international community, effectively coping with global challenges and jointly creating a better future for mankind.

　　"China is striving to achieve common prosperity for all people, and is also promoting the building of a community of human destiny with practical actions." Kasuri, former Pakistani Foreign Minister, said that the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative has promoted the infrastructure interconnection of countries along the route and provided important opportunities for developing countries.

　　Lawrence Tubiana, CEO of the European Climate Foundation, said that only by adhering to multilateralism and win-win cooperation can we effectively deal with climate change. China has become a global leader in clean energy development, with rapid development in electric vehicles and other fields. "The world needs China to continue to play a leading role in achieving the goal of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change."

　　Alexander Chernousov, Russian Consul General in Guangzhou, said: "China has advanced along the path of peaceful development, effectively implemented reform and opening up, and promoted the economic growth of itself and many countries. Building a multipolar world conforms to the requirements of the times, the expectations of countries for peaceful development, and the concept of a community of human destiny. China is building a modern socialist country in an all-round way and promoting a higher level of opening up, with the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an important example. A prosperous and developing China will provide an important driving force for achieving world prosperity and stability and building a multi-polar pattern. "

　　David Ferguson, a British expert in foreign languages press, China Foreign Languages Bureau, believes that from the Chinese modernization, China is willing to make a big cake of development and share the fruits of development, so as to benefit the people of all countries. "The free flow of people, goods and information is the key to prosperity. Chinese-style modernization is closely linked to promoting the building of a community of human destiny. " Ferguson said that China’s initiative to jointly build the Belt and Road Initiative, which advocates open cooperation and common development, has won the trust and respect of more and more countries. It is expected that all countries in the world will join hands with China to build a better world.

　　

　　

　　

　　Russian Tu -160 "Pirate Flag" strategic bomber [data picture]

　　On October 18th, Putin strongly criticized the US policies on Iraq and Iran, and announced a "grand" military plan, including the development of "completely new" nuclear weapons.

　　According to a report on the US defense discussion website on the 19th, in a national radio address in Russia, Putin said that the US invasion of Iraq had entered a "dead end" and called on Washington to set an exact timetable for withdrawal.

　　Putin believes that it is its rich oil wealth that led to the tragedy of Iraq’s invasion. He commented that this is simply "rogue politics"; "Russia, which is equally rich in energy, must not repeat the same fate." He also lashed out at the U.S. Iran policy, saying that the U.S. persisted in its intransigent stance on the Iranian nuclear issue, and said that Russia insisted on solving it through negotiations, which was much stronger than threats, sanctions or even the use of force.

　　The White House quickly refuted Putin’s above statement and insisted that Iraq is developing in a "good direction".

　　In a video link with the officers and men of the Plesetsk nuclear bomb launch base, Putin said: "Next year, Russia will build another nuclear submarine and plan to develop a brand-new nuclear weapon."

　　"We not only have grand plans, but also these plans are completely feasible," Putin said just a few hours after the Russian military announced the successful test of the "Baiyang" intercontinental ballistic missile.

　　The article on the defense discussion website also mentioned that the 55-year-old Putin’s presidential term will expire next year. Because the current constitution prohibits the president from being re-elected for more than two terms, Putin is likely to lead the United Russia Party to participate in the parliamentary election and obtain a majority of seats, thus continuing to exert influence on Russia’s policy and continuing his current policy. In addition, the possibility of Putin taking the post of prime minister is not ruled out. There is also a situation that Putin participates in his third presidential election every other term, which can also be a president without violating the constitution.

　　At present, there are different views on this mysterious new nuclear weapon in the public opinion circle. According to the Russian Independent, according to the development of Russian nuclear missile weapons, there are only two new types of Russian nuclear missiles, one is the Blava ballistic missile system and the other is the iskander -M missile system. The "Brava" missile will be installed on the 995 nuclear submarine under construction, but at present, there are no actual samples of the missile, let alone equipped troops. More military experts believe that the new nuclear missile Putin refers to is probably the mobile "Baiyang" -M missile, which is improved on the basis of the original "Baiyang"-M missile to make its performance more advanced.

　　In the design process of the "Baiyang" -M missile, a variety of launching methods were envisaged, which can launch both single warheads and multiple warheads. According to the design scheme, when using multiple warheads, it is planned to install 3~4 warheads on it, each with an equivalent of 750,000 tons. When these warheads re-enter the atmosphere at an altitude of 90,000 meters, they can maneuver within a radius of 5 kilometers. Since China, Russia and the United States signed the START II Treaty during the development process, both sides are required not to equip ballistic missiles with multiple warheads. The Russian army temporarily put aside the multi-warhead scheme of the "Baiyang" -M missile. However, on June 13, 2002, the United States formally withdrew from the ABM Treaty, and Russia announced its withdrawal from the START II Treaty the next day. In this way, Russia is likely to re-enable the multi-warhead scheme and apply it to the improved version of "Baiyang" -M, and increase the number of warheads to 10. From a technical point of view, Russia already has the ability to carry heavy-duty multiple warheads with large thrust strategic nuclear missiles.

　　For a long time, the Russian army has regarded improving the "Baiyang" -M missile as one of the key measures for the development of the strategic rocket army. With the continuous actual combat of anti-missile technology, the Russian army has also continuously introduced the improved version of "Baiyang" -M to cope with the ever-developing anti-missile system. (Global Times Global Network)

Editor: Cao Jin

[Global Times correspondent in Russia Sui Xin Liu Yupeng] When Israel and Hamas finally reached a temporary ceasefire agreement after difficult negotiations, international public opinion turned its attention to Ukraine: When can the Russian-Ukrainian conflict resume peace talks? Russian President Vladimir Putin said at the G20 leaders’ video summit in Moscow on the 22nd local time that he must consider how to end the "tragedy" of the Russian-Ukrainian war. He said that Russia has never refused to hold peace talks with Ukraine. Reuters said that this is Putin’s most soothing remarks about this conflict recently. At present, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict is deadlocked on the front line. In response, Ukrainian President Zelensky admitted on Fox TV on the 22nd that this "is spreading pessimism to western supporters in Kiev". Politicians and media in the United States and Europe have recently frequently reported that the United States and Europe are privately persuading Ukraine to negotiate with Russia on ending the war. Many analysts believe that with the Russian-Ukrainian conflict lasting for 21 months, the United States and Europe supporting Ukraine are also in trouble, and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict may have reached a key node.

Putin issued a new call for peace talks?

"Peace Efforts-Putin Calls for Consideration on How to End the Tragedy of War", the Russian "Arguments and Facts" news website reported on the 23rd that Russian President Vladimir Putin delivered a speech at the G20 Leaders’ Video Summit on the 22nd, saying that this war (referring to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine) was a tragedy. "Like any military conflict, this is a tragedy for a specific group of people, a specific family and the whole country," Putin said. "Naturally, we must consider how to end this tragedy." He also said, "Russia has never refused to hold peace talks with Ukraine." However, Putin also pointed out that "it is not Russia that publicly announced its withdrawal from the negotiation process, but Ukraine. Not only that, the Ukrainian president also signed a presidential decree prohibiting such negotiations with Russia. "

Reuters said that this was Putin’s first speech to G20 leaders since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in February 2022, and it was also his most soothing speech so far. According to the report, Putin used the word "war" to describe this conflict, instead of the special term "special military action" used by the Kremlin before.

Regarding Putin’s words, Italian Prime Minister Silvio meloni, who attended the G20 leaders’ video summit, said on the 22nd that she was satisfied with Putin’s speech at the G20 summit on the need to seek actions to end the Russian-Ukrainian war. She said, "I heard that Russia hopes to solve the problem peacefully. I am very happy, but I think this can be demonstrated in practice soon. "

Russia’s Tsargrad TV station said on the 23rd that Putin’s statement at the G20 leaders’ video summit that he was considering how to end the tragedy of war aroused strong repercussions in the international community. According to the report, the current international situation is undergoing a dramatic change. With Russia’s progress on the battlefield, Ukraine and Ukrainian President Zelensky are gradually being "marginalized".

"Ukraine is in big trouble"

According to the Ukrainian Independent News Agency reported on 23rd, regarding Putin’s speech, Podolyak, director of the Office of the President of Ukraine, still insisted that "Russia has nothing to consider. The only solution is to immediately withdraw Russian troops from Ukrainian territory and make war compensation and bear other consequences. "

However, Ukrainian President Zelensky has been somewhat pessimistic in the past two days. For Ukraine’s failure to achieve a major victory in the battlefield against Russia, Fox TV quoted Zelensky as saying on the 22 nd that this "is spreading pessimism to western supporters in Kiev." When asked how Ukraine views the "counter-offensive against Russia that is currently struggling", Zelensky admitted, "This is not good news … It is very difficult for us."

"Ukraine is in big trouble," ABC quoted an anonymous senior Ukrainian official as saying on the 22nd, saying that while the United States was busy helping Israel to crack down on Hamas, the flow of American artillery shells to Ukraine decreased by "more than 30%". The official also said that American artillery shells "account for about 60%-70% of the total supply of Ukrainian artillery shells." He also expressed serious concern about the deadlock in the U.S. Congress on the issue of aid to Ukraine, saying that this may mean that U.S. aid to Ukraine will begin to dry up. He warned that this will make Ukraine risk a major setback on the battlefield, "the price is very high." He complained that although the United States promised to continue to provide assistance to Ukraine, "the promise of Americans is becoming more and more difficult to fulfill." The French newspaper Le Monde quoted Audelan, a military expert, as saying, "2024 will be full of danger for Ukraine … because the military equipment and ammunition that the West has delivered to them will be completely exhausted."

"The only weapon that can save Ukraine"

The "Russia Today" TV station said on the 23rd that Ukraine launched a high-profile counterattack in June this year, but failed to make any significant progress despite being reinforced by a large number of NATO weapons. In this regard, Zaluzhnyi, commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian army, admitted in an exclusive interview with the British "Economist" magazine a few days ago that "this conflict has reached a deadlock, which may last for several years and eat up Ukraine." He said that the Ukrainian army has been unable to break through the defense lines of the Russian army. "We (the Ukrainian army) are actually in trouble." It is reported that Russian Defense Minister shoigu said on the 22nd that Kiev suffered "great losses" in November, and it is estimated that the death toll of Ukrainian soldiers exceeded 13,700, while Kiev has lost more than 90,000 soldiers since the counterattack.

NBC recently quoted the current senior officials and former senior officials of the US government as saying that the United States and Europe have begun to secretly communicate with the Ukrainian government and push Ukraine to start negotiations with Russia on ending the war. According to the report, the willingness of the West to continue to support Ukraine is weakening. "Ukraine may really need to be prepared to give up something."

Russian TV station Tsargrad analyzed that after two years of conflict, the West has understood that the goal of completely defeating Russia is difficult to achieve. "The West has prepared for Ukraine to lose part of its territory."

"Ukraine still has the only weapon that can save itself: peaceful negotiations." According to the Italian daily fact news website, Zelensky is still asking the West for more weapons, although he has received everything: Leopard tanks, Haimas long-range rocket launchers, Abrams tanks, cluster bombs and Storm Shadow cruise missiles. However, the west has not yet invented a magic weapon that can make Ukraine suddenly defeat Russia. The only thing Ukraine can save itself is peaceful negotiations. Earlier, Italian Prime Minister Silvio meloni admitted in a telephone conversation with a Russian actor posing as the leader of the African Union: "We are close to the moment when everyone realizes the need for an exit path".

Since fire appeared in human history, its existence can not only bring us warmth, make food fresh and tender, but also bring light to the night. In many places, fire culture and even fire totem are regarded as symbols of their own tribes. In the fashion circle, the element of fire has also appeared frequently in recent years. Today we will talk about the element of fire.

　　

The representative of cool culture

The element of fire often appears in Harley’s clothes.

Since 1914, Harley-Davidson has been producing clothes and accessories, and developing practical and fashionable products. Harley-style clothing is a subculture clothing with distinctive negative tradition, publicity personality and rebellious characteristics. Its unique style features are publicity and rebellion.

Harley clothing is the representative of cool culture. No other brand of clothes can be as cool as Harley’s clothes, and this feeling of being out of place is exactly what people who play Harley are pursuing, making public and showing themselves boldly. Harley’s culture advocates primitiveness. The thick and rough leather texture of Harley leather coat and rough Harley leather boots are the continuation of this culture.

Whether in clothes or Harley motorcycles, we often see this flame pattern appear.

For Harley fans, owning their own Harley motorcycle is just the beginning, and a set of special Harley costumes, printed leather jackets, elastic tight leather pants, leather boots, belts, headscarves and hats, is more like a ceremony for every new Harley owner. From then on, you can ride in the city.

Outside of riding, from eye-catching shocking patterns to fully functional riding equipment, Harley-Davidson’s clothing accessories show your personality style and express your self-appeal in your unique way.

This cool culture is different from street culture, and its appearance has slowly brewed the fire element to appear on other different brands.

This flaming T-shirt has spread all over the fashion circle.

However, it is a skateboarding brand.

Presumably, many people are no longer unfamiliar with this Thrasher with flame letters. Its appearance has spread all over the fashion world, but how much do you really know about Thrasher?

In fact, this T-shirt with Thrasher flame letter pattern is from Thrasher Magazine, which is known as the "Skateboard Bible". He was founded in 1981 by Fausto Vitello, the godfather of skateboarding in the United States, and Kevin Thatcher, a good friend. Since its establishment, it has gradually become the chief authoritative publication in the skateboarding industry by reporting, creating and supporting skateboarding, skaters and related culture.

In 1992, John Cardiel was named skater of the year by Thrasher Magazine.

John Cardiel cover period

Even this photo has been used in the cooperation series between Thrasher and VANS, which shows that the flame element is already a very important element in Thrasher design.

It is precisely because of the interpretation of so many different cultures that the flame element is worn by many fashion people today. Slowly, this culture is no longer limited to Harley culture or skateboarding culture, but more is that it has begun to blend with fashion, making more people like the flame element.

They all carry the element of fire that is cool.

When the flame pattern appeared in the fashion circle, many actresses began to like this cool and stylish pattern. Some of them were on clothes and some were on bags. In short, we can see the appearance of flame elements everywhere we can think of.

Bella Hadid

Bella Hadid wears orange sunglasses, a white flame letter printed sweater, a Chanel black Logo printed rhombic duffel bag, black striped raw-edge jeans and Stuart Weitzman white thick-heeled pointed ankle boots.

Bella Thorne

Bella Thorne wore a black-and-white matching navy hat, a multi-layer metal necklace, a flame-printed half-sleeve coat, a white perspective lace corset, white pencil pants with holes, Puma sneakers and a black shoulder bag.

Delilah Hamlin

Delilah Hamlin wore red oval sunglasses with a gold border, a sweater with holes in red letters, a long belt of red and black color-matching canvas, a small black leather skirt decorated with diagonal zippers, black Martin boots and a Gucci flame embroidered handbag.

Madison Beer

Madison Beer covered her face with sunglasses with white glasses frame, wearing a black long-sleeved flame printed top, carrying a black Givenchy handbag, wearing black flame printed casual sweatpants and Nike white lace-up leisure sports high-top white shoes.

Rita Ora

Rita Ora is wearing a flame windbreaker with black cropped woolen wide-leg pants and boots on the water table.

Romee Strijd

Romee Strijd wears brown sunglasses, a red croppetop with a hole, Chanel black rhombic chain bag on her shoulder, blue and white color matching flame printed jeans and Converse white canvas shoes.

Jia Meng

Meng Jia wore a black baseball cap embroidered with Vans letters, long silver metal earrings and choker, a black knitted vest, black sweatpants embroidered with Lost General, black suede pointed boots and a Gucci Sylvie red flame printed black handbag.

Victoria Song

Song Qian wore a black lettered embroidered cap, Chanel black sunglasses, a white lettered printed T-shirt, a red rhombic pocket, Chanel dark blue denim duffel bag, black flame printed jeans with raw edges and white lace-up casual shoes.

Zhao Liying; Zanilia Zhao

Zhao Liying wore a pink baseball cap, purple sunglasses to cover her face, a Topshop long-sleeved shirt with white cuffs and flamingo print, a shoulder bag with a heart-shaped black chain slung over her shoulder, a military green coat in her hand, Mother’s jeans with white trousers and flame printed raw edges, and Bally black square buckle shoes.

After reading their fashion wear of flame elements, are you starting to feel a little cool?

In fact, whether the flame element appears on clothing or accessories, it will give people a feeling of cool personality. In this early autumn season, whether it is a coat or accessories, if you want to be different from others, Sister Jia’s suggestion is to have a little "flame on your body", which is also quite personal.

THRASHER Thrasher Flame T-shirt 361

PALM ANGELS flame print pullover 2,993

Gucci Flame Cat Embroidered T-shirt 16,279

SAINT LAURENT flame printed mini skirt 19,554

FAITH CONNEXION Flame Skinny Jeans 3,199

PALM ANGELS high flame shoes 4,166

CHIARA FERRAGNI flame western cowboy booties 3,141

DSQUARED 2 flame shoes 2,055

SARAH’S BAG flame embroidery clutch bag 5,446

ROCKINS flowers and flame scarf 788

Image source vision china/Oriental IC