Our reporter Liu Qunsheng is an expert Bian Yousheng.

　　Dialogue background

　　In recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, with Scientific Outlook on Development as the overall situation of economic and social development, have adopted a series of major policies to support agriculture and benefit farmers in accordance with the requirements of coordinating urban and rural development. All localities and departments have conscientiously implemented the central arrangements and earnestly strengthened the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The development of agriculture and rural areas has undergone positive changes and ushered in new development opportunities. However, it must be noted that the current agricultural and rural development is still in a difficult climbing stage, and the contradiction between the fragile agricultural infrastructure, the lagging development of rural social undertakings and the widening income gap between urban and rural residents is still outstanding. Solving the "three rural issues" is still a major and arduous historical task in the process of industrialization and urbanization. Only by building a new socialist countryside can we achieve the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Building a new socialist countryside is a major and urgent strategic task facing the whole party and society at present.

　　What should we do to make the rural economy develop and the farmers’ lives rich while protecting the environment? Bian Yousheng, a researcher at Beijing Academy of Environmental Sciences, put forward the idea of building ecological agriculture and started the research on the construction of ecological agriculture in the 1980s, which was highly valued by the state and formally established as a scientific research topic. Over the past 20 years, the construction of ecological agriculture has won the hearts of the people and achieved fruitful results. Recently, our reporter interviewed Professor Bian Yousheng and had a conversation on the topic of ecological agriculture.

　　Ecological agriculture is imperative.

　　Reporter: What is the basic connotation of eco-agriculture?

　　Bian Yousheng: What is ecological agriculture? It is to plan, organize and carry out agricultural production according to ecological principles. It must meet the following basic ecological requirements: first, the determination of production structure and the arrangement of product layout must be adapted to local conditions and matched with local environmental conditions; Second, the utilization of natural resources cannot exceed the renewable capacity of resources; Third, in the use of energy and materials, we should take what we have and make up for it, and maintain the ecological balance; Fourth, while using renewable natural resources, we should pay attention to cultivating and multiplying natural resources, so that the development of the whole production will move towards a virtuous circle.

　　Eco-agriculture is a comprehensive and coordinated whole agriculture. The starting point and the end result of ecological agriculture are all focused on the overall function of the system. There are three most important standards to measure the overall function: first, economic benefits, that is, production should be developed and farmers should be rich; Second, social benefits, to meet the people’s growing social needs for agricultural products; The third is ecological benefit, that is, maintaining a good ecological environment. Eco-agriculture should consider the rational utilization of all resources in the system, make a comprehensive plan for human resources, land resources, biological resources and other natural resources, make overall consideration, adjust measures to local conditions, make a reasonable layout, and constantly optimize its structure to make it coordinate and develop synergistically, so as to improve the overall function of the system.

　　Ecological agriculture is the concrete embodiment of generalized agriculture. The difference between it and narrow-sense agriculture (or small-scale agriculture) lies in: in terms of production content, it is not limited to planting, but diversified management and all-round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production and fishing. From the production area, it is not limited to cultivated land, on the one hand, based on cultivated land, and strive to improve unit yield; On the other hand, treat all the land as their own production sites. From the concept of food, it mainly depends on food, but it is not limited to food. It is based on nutrition science, and scientifically arranges and plans agricultural production according to the quantity and proportion of heat energy, protein, multivitamins and various minerals required by human nutrition.

　　In a sense, ecological agriculture is a combination of traditional organic agriculture and modern inorganic agriculture, and it is a benign circular agriculture with expanding energy flow and material circulation. Organic agriculture and inorganic agriculture have their own advantages and disadvantages. The former is beneficial to increasing soil fertility, while the latter is due to the addition of energy and material, which increases the circulation of material flow and energy flow. The best combination of the two, each promoting its strengths, each avoiding its weaknesses, taking its advantages and abandoning its disadvantages, is ecological agriculture. In this way, the energy and substances that accompany the goods flowing out of the system are constantly compensated and increased by supplementing from outside the system, maintaining nutrient balance, maintaining a good agricultural ecological environment, and continuously improving soil productivity.

　　Ecological agriculture is an efficient artificial ecosystem, and it is an efficient agriculture with coordinated structure and function. Different from the natural ecosystem, it adds human labor and intervention, so it is not only a simple natural reproduction process, but also an economic reproduction process. The two are intertwined, and through human labor and intervention, its structure and function are constantly adjusted and optimized, so that it can get greater output with less input and achieve better economic, social and ecological benefits.

　　Reporter: What are the characteristics of ecological agriculture?

　　Bian Yousheng: As an artificial ecosystem, eco-agricultural system has its own characteristics. On the other hand, the eco-agricultural system is an integral part of the biosphere, which has all the commonness of the biosphere, and these are the most basic conditions for the existence and continuous development of the eco-agricultural system. But on the other hand, as an artificial ecosystem, the eco-agricultural system is much smaller than the spatial scope of the biosphere, forming a more unique part, so it has its own characteristics. These characteristics are adaptability to local conditions, comprehensiveness, stability, sociality and selectivity.

　　First, adjust measures to local conditions. Compared with other sectors of the national economy, agriculture has one of the biggest differences, that is, agriculture is a category in which the natural reproduction process and the economic reproduction process are intertwined. Crops planted in agriculture, livestock raised in animal husbandry, trees planted in forestry and fish raised in aquaculture are all living things, all of which have their own growth laws and are all limited by natural conditions. Therefore, the production department of agriculture should pay special attention to respecting the laws of nature and social economy. The eco-agricultural system is based on the rational and full use of local natural conditions and natural resources.

　　But what is local conditions, the community has different understanding. Some people think that "land" is "soil", and adapting to local conditions means adapting to local conditions; Others believe that "land" refers to nature, and adapting to local conditions means adapting to natural conditions. In fact, these two understandings are not comprehensive enough, because they do not include socio-economic conditions with regional differences. The socio-economic conditions have a profound impact on the eco-agricultural system. Therefore, the correct understanding of adapting to local conditions should be based on natural conditions and socio-economic conditions, both of which are indispensable.

　　Second, comprehensiveness. What we call comprehensiveness has four meanings. First of all, the eco-agricultural system is a multi-factor and multi-level complex, and its structure and function are very complicated. Secondly, production measures and technical measures must also be integrated. Third, the development of production and the improvement of ecological conditions must also be considered comprehensively. The development of production must not be based on the excessive use of natural resources and the destruction of the ecological environment; On the other hand, we can’t unilaterally emphasize the protection of the ecological environment and affect the development of production. Fourth, the development of agricultural production must not be considered from only one sector of agriculture, but must be related to processing industry, transportation conditions, market needs and competitiveness. We should not be divorced from reality, but should comprehensively consider the relationship between needs and possibilities, current and long-term, and local and whole. Considering the suitability of natural conditions, the feasibility of technical conditions and the rationality of economic conditions.

　　Third, stability. The stability of eco-agricultural system not only means that the productivity of the system is not easily changed by external factors, but also includes two meanings: the dynamic stability of nutrient and energy balance and the stable growth of economic benefits of system output.

　　How can we ensure the stability of the system? Generally speaking, the stability of eco-agricultural system mainly depends on the complexity of system structure and the number and length of food chain in the system. The more complex the production structure and the more food chains, the more stable the system will be. If the production structure of an agricultural production system is very simple, such as only planting (or only raising), the system cannot be very stable, and the output of the system will be affected in the event of natural disasters, pests and diseases (or infectious diseases). However, if the structure of the system is complex and there are many food chains, then local changes will not have a great impact on the whole system. Therefore, when we consider, design and plan the production structure of an eco-agricultural system, we should consider its complexity.

　　Fourth, sociality. Eco-agricultural system can not be separated from social and economic conditions, it is a social-economic-natural composite ecosystem formed under human activities. This special artificial ecosystem changes frequently, and there are a lot of inputs and outputs of energy and materials. If it is not managed properly, the system will collapse. In other words, people can build an eco-agricultural system, but they can also destroy it. For example, human production activities, such as irrigation, drainage and fertilization, can affect the soil; Pesticides control pests and weeds, and herbicides can affect biological populations other than crops; Harvest, transportation, product processing and so on will affect the redistribution of products, and so on. These are all human factors that affect the eco-agricultural system.

　　Fifth, selectivity. There are many internal contradictions in the eco-agricultural system, so it is necessary to distinguish priorities, make clear priorities, and choose appropriate measures and countermeasures to solve them. If the choice is improper, it will have the opposite effect. For example, the energy flow and material flow in the system circulate and circulate in a certain order, and must not be reversed. As we often say, there is more water, more grass, more grass, more insects, more insects and more fish, which is in line with the actual situation and correct; Another formulation, that is, more pigs, more fat, more fat and more grain, is wrong, and the order of circulation is reversed, because grain is the primary production here, and if there is not enough primary production, it is impossible to have more pigs. The correct formulation should be more grain, more pigs, more pigs, more fat, more fat and more food. Therefore, in agricultural production, we should first understand the objective law and flow order of material and energy flow before we can decide what to catch first and then what to catch. Only by grasping the primary production first can we open up a way for the secondary production. Therefore, when studying and solving the internal contradictions of the eco-agricultural system, we must understand the structure, function and evolution law of the system, so as to choose the most appropriate countermeasures and measures, so as not to get twice the result with half the effort and get good results.

　　Reporter: With the increase of population and the continuous expansion of agricultural production, what problems are China’s rural ecology facing?

　　Bian Yousheng: The government of China attaches great importance to the protection and construction of agro-ecology. As early as the early 1970s, it started the planned and organized protection and construction of agro-ecological environment all over the country and made great achievements. Especially since the reform and opening up, the state has successively implemented a series of forestry ecological construction projects, such as the "Three North" shelterbelt, the shelterbelt in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the coastal shelterbelt, and built key water and soil erosion control projects in seven major basins, such as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, vigorously promoted the comprehensive management and comprehensive development of small watersheds, intensified desertification control, and strengthened the construction of grasslands and ecological agriculture, thus bringing China’s ecological environment, especially agricultural ecological environment, into a new historical stage. Various efforts made in the construction of ecological environment have an extremely important impact on China’s agricultural development and further on the sustainable development of the entire national economy and society.

　　On the other hand, from the requirements of development, the speed of agricultural ecological protection and construction in China is still very slow, especially with the development of economic construction, the further growth of population, the task of agricultural production is increasing day by day, and the agricultural ecological problems are becoming more acute. At present, there are still six major problems in China’s agricultural ecology.

　　First, serious soil erosion. One third of the country’s farmland suffers from different degrees of soil erosion, and the annual national topsoil loss is about 5 billion tons, resulting in the loss of more than 40 million tons of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. According to the comparative analysis of soil erosion area and control area in China in recent years, the control area only accounts for 34%-38% of the lost area. According to the current trend, if fundamental control measures are not taken, the soil erosion area will increase greatly, which has become a key problem endangering the development of agricultural production.

　　Second, desertification continues to expand. At present, the desertification land in China is expanding at a rate of more than 1000 square kilometers every year. More than 50 million people are affected by desertification, and nearly 4 million hectares of farmland and 5 million hectares of grassland are threatened.

　　Third, the cultivated land area is decreasing and the soil quality is deteriorating. At present, China’s cultivated land area is only 98 million hectares, and the per capita cultivated land is less than 0.087 hectares, which is only 1/3 of the world average. Over the years, China’s construction land has been offset by newly reclaimed farmland, and the cultivated land is still reduced by 400,000 hectares every year. With the continuous decrease of cultivated land, the quality of soil is deteriorating, mainly manifested in soil salinization and fertility decline. At the same time, due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the physical and chemical properties and ecological conditions of soil are declining day by day.

　　The fourth is the crisis of forest resources, which seriously threatens agricultural production. According to the results of the national forest resources survey in 1988-1992, the national forest area was l.31 million hectares, and the forest stock was 10.9 billion cubic meters, ranking fifth in the world. However, the per capita forest area is only 1/6 of the world’s per capita, ranking 121st in the world. China’s forest coverage rate is 13.96%, only 54.2% of the world average. Low forest coverage, vegetation destruction, ecological deterioration and frequent natural disasters have seriously threatened China’s agricultural production.

　　Fifth, grassland degradation is increasing. For a long time, grassland ecology has been deteriorating due to overgrazing, blind reclamation and neglect of management. At present, the area of degraded grassland in China is 87 million hectares, accounting for 32.6% of the area of temperate grassland in China, and the grass yield is only one-third of that in the 1950s, which greatly affects animal husbandry production and national economic construction.

　　Sixth, farmland pollution is getting worse and worse, and the ecological environment of farmland has been greatly damaged. With the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production and the rise of township industries, the discharge of industrial "three wastes" and urban domestic sewage and waste is increasing day by day, and farmland is forced to be used as a place to consume pollutants and is seriously polluted; Coupled with the sharp increase in the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural production itself, it also has a great impact on farmland ecosystems.

　　Ecological agriculture has broad prospects.

　　Reporter: In the early 1980s, the concept of ecological agriculture was put forward, and it was piloted in private villages in the suburbs of Beijing. More than 20 years have passed. What changes have taken place in Liumin Village?

　　Bian Yousheng: This is the first eco-village construction in China. With the support of the leadership of the State Environmental Protection Administration, according to the situation of slow economic development, increasing environmental pollution and ecological destruction and the shortage of land resources in suburban villages in Beijing, Liumin Village has carried out a series of environmental engineering construction: the industrial structure has been adjusted and completed, and the long-term single planting of rice has been changed to the all-round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and by-fishing; Comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes was carried out, and two recycling modes, the whole village type and the family size type, were established. Construction of new energy projects with biogas and solar energy as the main body; New waterworks and a series of municipal construction projects; Greening and beautifying landscape construction project.

　　After five years’ efforts, the total output of Liuminying Village increased from 620,000 yuan in 1982 to 16.4 million yuan in 1987, and the per capita net income reached 1,200 yuan, which was 27 times and 2.7 times higher than that in 1982, respectively, and the amount of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 45%. The whole village realized centralized biogas gas supply, reducing coal consumption by 3500 tons a year, and initially realized the coordinated development of economy and environment. In 1986, it was awarded the first batch of "Top 500 Global Environmental Protection" by the United Nations Environment Programme. His achievements won the first prize of the Ministry (1986) and the National Science and Technology Progress Award (1988) successively, and in 1997, he won the United Nations Science and Technology Star Award for invention and innovation, and his experience was popularized in 20 Yu Sheng cities nationwide.

　　After 1990, the private enterprises in Liuren further developed eco-economic construction, vigorously developed eco-industries, built pollution-free tourism products factories, built 800 mu of organic food production bases and 1,200 mu of water-saving farmland, developed agricultural sightseeing and picking tourism, developed service industries, and started driving schools and taxi companies. At the same time, they vigorously strengthened the construction of ecological environment, completed the biogas expansion project (a new 200m3 high-temperature biogas digester) and the renovation and expansion project of solar energy utilization, and completed greening. In 2006, the village’s GDP reached 263 million yuan, with a per capita output value of 310,000 yuan and a per capita net income of 10,000 yuan. Compared with 1982, the consumption of chemical fertilizer in the village decreased by 86.5%, and the forest coverage rate reached 40%. The successful construction and sustainable development of Liumin Village will play a good demonstration role in the construction of new countryside in Beijing and its surrounding areas.

　　Reporter: in addition to these ecological demonstration villages in the suburbs of Beijing, it is said that a series of ecological agriculture constructions have been carried out in some old revolutionary areas?

　　Bian Yousheng: Yes. For example, Xinxian County in Henan Province, located in the poor mountainous area of Dabie Mountain, was once a revolutionary base, the capital of Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet areas, and a well-known general county in China, but it has long been economically backward. Less arable land, barren land, complex natural conditions, frequent disasters, and difficult development and construction. Therefore, the construction and development of new counties can only develop ecological economy through environmental engineering construction according to local conditions, and improve and enhance their development capabilities. At the same time, we should strengthen the protection of resources, especially the protection of land and environmental resources. According to the actual situation of Xinxian County, combined with the relevant experience in the construction of national ecological demonstration zone, combined with the climate and resource characteristics of Xinxian County, the specific technical route was determined, that is, the economy of Xinxian County should be based on forestry and the comprehensive development model should focus on deep processing of forest products.

　　First, according to the characteristics and differences of the county’s ecological carrying capacity and resource distribution, the county is divided into six functional areas with different economic development directions; Second, according to the plan, the county has completed 86 projects in four years, covering economic development, environmental protection, urban and rural construction, farmland water conservancy construction, cultural industry construction and so on; Third, 13 typical models have been studied and summarized, and 19 ecological demonstration bases, 4 demonstration towns and 18 demonstration villages have been established.

　　After more than four years of hard work, the county’s economy has grown rapidly. Based on 1999 before the construction, from 2000 to 2003, the county’s total GDP reached 6.55 billion yuan (with a net increase of 3.15 billion yuan), with an average annual increase of 12.55%. The labor export income in four years totaled 600 million yuan (with a net increase of 340 million yuan), accounting for 9.2% of the county’s four-year GDP (with a net increase of labor income accounting for 10.7% of the net increase of the four-year GDP) The overall environment of Xinxian County has been further improved, with the environmental quality index increased by 6.3%, the disaster rate decreased by 11% and the land desertification rate decreased by 12%.

　　In recent years, Xinxian County has successively won six national honors, including National Ecological Demonstration Zone, National Sanitary County, and China Habitat Model Award. Its research achievements won the first prize of Xinyang City in Henan Province and the second prize of Beijing Science and Technology Progress in 2005, and its experience has been popularized and applied in more than 40 counties and districts in Henan, Beijing, Shandong and other provinces and cities.

　　Ecological agriculture benefits the country and the people.

　　Reporter: Can the successful pilot experience be popularized in the whole country, and what needs to be done?

　　Bian Yousheng: If China’s agriculture develops production in an extensive or predatory growth mode, its tremendous destructive power cannot be compensated by any powerful environmental protection work, let alone the sustainable development of agriculture. Practice since liberation has fully explained this point: on the one hand, it has made great achievements, fed 1.3 billion people and improved their lives, ensuring the needs of national economic construction; On the other hand, the cost is very huge, and the environment and resources have been greatly damaged. For example, soil erosion in mountainous areas is becoming more and more serious, desertification in the north, grassland desertification in the west and rocky desertification in limestone areas are increasing, and water resources are becoming increasingly scarce. In this regard, scientists have issued a warning of "unsustainable". There are also a series of problems such as pollution and acid rain caused by industrialization, which hinder the sustainable development of agriculture and even threaten the survival and development of the nation. The situation is very serious. In order to reverse the grim situation, China’s agriculture must solve the problems of self-protection and sustainable development. Therefore, China’s agriculture should seriously act according to the laws of eco-economy, realize the virtuous circle of production and pay equal attention to the three benefits, and achieve the unified and coordinated development of production, environmental protection and resources. Its successful experience and model is eco-agriculture.

　　Ecological agriculture is a long-term project, which benefits the country and the people. It is an effective means and main way to build a new socialist countryside and an inevitable choice for China’s economic development. Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council pointed out: "The 21st century is a key historical stage to realize China’s agricultural modernization, and modern agriculture should be efficient ecological agriculture." The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the protection of ecological environment construction, and clearly pointed out that the western region should speed up the pace of returning farmland to forests and promote the development of ecological agriculture and water-saving agriculture. Agricultural departments at all levels should further improve their understanding of the importance of ecological environment construction and protection and rural environmental protection, strengthen cooperation with environmental protection departments, vigorously promote ecological agriculture construction and rural environmental protection, improve the ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. In 1990s, eco-agriculture was formally included in the Eighth Five-Year Plan of national economic development. In 1993, the construction of eco-agriculture demonstration counties began, and in 1999, the State Council issued the National Ecological Environment Construction Plan. At present, the construction of eco-agriculture is being promoted throughout the country, and 50 pilot counties, more than 2,000 demonstration sites and 111 pilot counties have been built. The reserved area for artificial grass planting and grassland improvement is 14.82 million hectares.

　　Government support and guidance is the key to the development of ecological agriculture. In the construction of ecological agriculture, party and government departments at all levels should proceed from the overall situation and make long-term plans to actively carry out the construction of ecological agriculture. It is necessary to strengthen leadership, strengthen the awareness of eco-agriculture development, and actively formulate and introduce a series of incentive policies and support mechanisms to guide enterprises, farmers and all sectors of society to invest in eco-agriculture. Ecological agriculture is not an ideal slogan, but a realistic problem before us, which is the fundamental and real stamina of agricultural development. Whoever knows and starts early in this respect will take the initiative.

　　It is necessary to improve farmers’ ideological consciousness and cultivate new farmers with culture and technology. Eco-agriculture, as an agricultural ecosystem that promotes a virtuous ecological cycle and is conducive to the protection of resources and environment, has shown its rationality and scientificity in practice. However, from the specific work, some cadres and masses of governments at all levels and relevant departments do not understand the meaning of eco-agriculture, and some of them are even unfamiliar, and have not yet seen the importance of developing eco-agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to combine rural work, agricultural production and agricultural technology popularization, publicize and educate cadres and masses at all levels to raise their awareness level, and clearly realize environmental pollution and environmental ecological problems. Frequent disasters have become a major hidden danger for the sustained, rapid and healthy development of agriculture and even the national economy. Relying on industrial development, we should extensively carry out various forms of practical technical training and vocational training in rural areas, guide farmers to advocate science, accept new knowledge and methods, and advocate scientific production and lifestyle. The main body of ecological agriculture construction is farmers. Only when the overall quality of farmers is improved, the project of ecological agriculture construction, which benefits the country and the people, will get twice the result with half the effort.

　　Reporter: What are the positive significance of ecological agriculture construction to agricultural modernization?

　　Bian Yousheng: In a nutshell, the task of China’s agricultural modernization is to transform all agricultural departments with advanced science and technology, industrial means and scientific management, make a big fuss about 14.4 billion mu of land, make full and reasonable use of all agricultural resources, make the ecosystem more reasonable, and give full play to agricultural potential, so as to produce as many agricultural products as possible with as little labor as possible and meet the increasing demand of society for agricultural products to the maximum extent.

　　In order to achieve this goal, we must proceed from the actual situation of our country, conscientiously sum up our own experience, learn from the successful experience of foreign countries with an open mind, try our best to avoid the disadvantages that have appeared in developed countries and embark on a road suitable for our national conditions.

　　There are two basic situations in realizing agricultural modernization in China: first, there are many people and few land; Second, the level of science and technology is low, but the labor force is abundant. This determines that China’s agricultural modernization must adopt the strategy of sustainable development. The basic direction of this strategy is to explore and build on the basis of biotechnology, make full use of solar energy and water, make full use of China’s labor resources and agricultural resources, and make full use of all kinds of advanced science and technology and management methods to make the agricultural economy develop continuously and at the same time make the agricultural ecology in a virtuous circle.

　　Historical experience tells us that it is impossible to realize agricultural modernization without a systematic view and an ecological view. The rise of eco-agriculture and its successful practice give us new enlightenment: eco-agriculture does not need large-scale investment. By making full use of solar energy and water, it can promote the repeated use and recycling of materials in the system and obtain stable and long-term economic benefits, which is consistent with China’s current poor family and the strategy of sustainable development in agricultural development. Eco-agriculture can make full use of China’s rich human resources and 14.4 billion mu of land, and establish various types of eco-agricultural systems in a wide range of plains, mountains, grasslands, water surfaces and forests according to local conditions to provide a variety of agricultural and sideline products for the society, which is consistent with the spirit that the central government has repeatedly pointed out that the development policy of China’s agriculture must be "never relax grain production and actively carry out diversified management"; Ecological agriculture emphasizes the complex three-dimensional agricultural structure and requires diversified products, which is exactly the viewpoint of "big agriculture" and "big grain" that we advocate; Ecological agriculture takes protecting and improving the ecological environment as its guiding ideology and promoting the virtuous cycle of agriculture as its important condition, which is consistent with the requirement of "developing agricultural production, we must protect the agricultural ecological balance" in China. Traditional agriculture in China has the characteristics of organic agriculture, and many of them are in line with the principles of ecological agriculture. Therefore, the construction and popularization of ecological agriculture is not only suitable for China’s current national conditions and national strength, but also consistent with China’s traditional agricultural habits, and is an effective way to realize China’s agricultural modernization.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, made by the Supreme Leader, made a new statement on the current major social contradictions in China, pointing out that "Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the major social contradictions in China have been transformed into contradictions between the people’s growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced development". Correctly understanding and grasping this new major political thesis is of great significance for profoundly understanding the new historical orientation of China’s development and implementing a series of major strategic arrangements of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core on building a socialist modernization power under the new era conditions and realizing the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream.

　　Scientifically analyzing and clearly grasping the main social contradictions in China is an important prerequisite for the Party to formulate the correct line, principles and policies.

　　Grasping the key points to drive comprehensive work is the requirement of materialist dialectics, and it is also the methodology that our party has always advocated and adhered to in various periods of revolution, construction and reform. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "The study of various imbalances in contradictions, the study of major contradictions and non-major contradictions, major contradictions and non-major contradictions has become one of the important ways for revolutionary parties to correctly determine their political and military strategic and tactical policies, which all communist party people should pay attention to." To successfully promote the cause of the party and the state, we must accurately grasp the main contradictions in our society.

　　This is not only a simple philosophical truth, but also a profound conclusion drawn from summing up the party’s history. During the period of the new-democratic revolution, our party correctly analyzed the overall situation of social contradictions in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China, formulated the general line of the new-democratic revolution and a series of principles and policies, and won the victory of the new-democratic revolution. After the founding of New China, especially after the establishment of China’s basic socialist system, the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: "The main contradiction in China is already the contradiction between the people’s demand for the establishment of an advanced industrial country and the reality of a backward agricultural country, and the contradiction between the people’s need for rapid economic and cultural development and the current situation that the economy and culture cannot meet the people’s needs." This formulation was in line with the reality of our country at that time. However, due to complicated social and historical reasons, this correct conclusion did not persist. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, our party scientifically analyzed the main contradictions in the primary stage of socialism in China, further refined the formulation of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and put forward that "the main contradiction in our society is the contradiction between the people’s growing material and cultural needs and backward social production". This has provided important guidance for us to deploy the overall work of the party and the state. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, it is precisely because our party has formulated and adhered to the correct line, principles and policies according to this major contradiction that China’s socialist modernization has made great achievements.

　　History fully shows that the smooth development of the cause of the party and the state is closely related to whether we can accurately understand and grasp the main social contradictions with the changes of social and historical conditions and whether we can formulate correct political lines and strategic strategies on this basis. It is a successful experience for our Party to consciously apply Marxist contradiction theory to analyze and solve specific problems of China’s revolution, construction and reform by insisting on proceeding from the actual situation of our society, keenly grasping the main contradictions among many social contradictions and contradictions, and consciously deploying the overall work of the Party and the country around the main contradictions.

　　The new expression of social principal contradiction is determined by the objective reality of our country at the present stage.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a new statement about the changes of the main social contradictions in China, which was based on the new historical orientation of China’s development when Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, and had sufficient realistic basis. The report pointed out: "China has stably solved the problem of food and clothing for more than one billion people, achieved a well-off society on the whole, and will soon build a well-off society in an all-round way. The people’s needs for a better life are increasingly extensive, which not only puts higher demands on material and cultural life, but also increases demands on democracy, the rule of law, fairness, justice, security and the environment. At the same time, China’s social productivity level has improved significantly on the whole, and social production capacity has entered the forefront of the world in many aspects. The more prominent problem is that the development imbalance is insufficient, which has become the main constraint to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life. " This incisive exposition profoundly reflects the new changes in China’s social production and social needs. The original statement about "the contradiction between people’s growing material and cultural needs and backward social production" can no longer accurately reflect this changed objective reality, so it is necessary to make a new summary.

　　Let’s look at social production first. After nearly 40 years of rapid development of reform and opening-up, China’s social productive forces have improved significantly on the whole, and social productive capacity has entered the forefront of the world in many aspects. The long-standing shortage of economy and supply in China has undergone fundamental changes, and it is no longer realistic to talk about "backward social production". This is a remarkable change.

　　Look at the social needs. With the remarkable improvement of people’s living standards, their yearning for a better life is even stronger. The needs of the people are diversified, multi-level and multi-faceted, and the areas and focus of needs have exceeded the original levels and categories of material culture. Only talking about "growing material and cultural needs" can no longer truly reflect the changed needs of the people. This is also an obvious fact.

　　The above two aspects show that we need to think from the historical position of China’s social development, from the overall situation of the development of the party and the country, from the people-centered development thinking, and make new judgments and expressions on the main contradictions in our society. The key here is to accurately understand and grasp the changing characteristics of the primary stage of socialism in China, accurately understand and grasp the staged characteristics of China’s development, and identify the main factors that affect the satisfaction of people’s yearning, expectation and needs for a better life at this stage. Based on a comprehensive analysis of all aspects, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China holds that the problem of insufficient development imbalance has become the main constraint to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life. Unbalanced development mainly means that the development of various regions is not balanced enough, which restricts the improvement of the national development level. Insufficient development mainly refers to the problem of insufficient development in some places, some fields and some aspects, and the task of development is still very heavy. At present, China’s unbalanced development is not fully manifested in many aspects. For example, from the perspective of social productive forces, China still has a large number of traditional, backward and even primitive productive forces, and the level and layout of productive forces are very uneven. Judging from the overall layout of the "Five in One", it is not enough to promote the development of all aspects of the country and achieve balanced development and full development. From the perspective of regional development between urban and rural areas, the gap in development level is still large, especially the economic and social development of the old and young border poor areas is still relatively backward. From the perspective of income distribution, the income gap is still large, and there are still more than 40 million people in rural areas who have not been lifted out of poverty.There are still many people in difficulty in the city. These problems of insufficient unbalanced development restrict each other and bring many social contradictions and problems. They are the main sources of various social contradictions at this stage and have become the main aspects of social contradictions. We must make great efforts to understand and solve them.

　　The new expression of the main social contradictions in China in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is the result of adhering to the Party’s ideological line of seeking truth from facts and combining the basic principles of Marxism with China’s current concrete reality. It is also a scientific judgment of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, seeking truth and being pragmatic.

　　The change of the principal contradiction in our society is a historical change that has a bearing on the overall situation, which puts forward many new requirements for the work of the party and the state.

　　We must have a correct understanding of the changes in the main social contradictions in China, which are historic and have a bearing on the overall work of the Party and the State. We should adhere to the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, adhere to strategic thinking, innovative thinking, dialectical thinking, rule of law thinking and bottom line thinking, and think from the combination of history and reality, theory and practice, domestic and international, and draw a correct conclusion.

　　First, we must closely follow the theme of the principal contradiction in our society, and the focus should not be shifted. This new expression in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is about the principal contradiction of our society, not the principal contradiction of our economic development. Therefore, we must think from the historical position of China’s social development, grasp the main contradictions and their main aspects in China’s society in the new era, and our thinking should not be narrow.

　　Second, we must persist in thinking from the standpoint and method of materialism and understand and grasp this important judgment from the realistic social movement. The identification of the main social contradictions in our country should jump out of abstract ideas, state expressions and work requirements, so that the conclusions can stand up and stand the test of practice and history.

　　Third, we must persist in thinking from a global perspective, so that solving this major contradiction will play a leading and guiding role in the development of the cause of the party and the country. The new expression of the principal contradiction in our society in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is not a purely conceptual change, but must be implemented in all fields, aspects and work. It is necessary to closely contact the key tasks that the CPC Central Committee has focused on since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, what the Party is leading the people to do at present, the overall situation of social contradictions in China at this stage, the main tasks facing the development of the cause of the Party and the country at present, and the wishes and expectations of the broad masses of the people. It is necessary to coordinate and promote the overall layout of the "five in one" and the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, to implement the new development concept, to promote the development of various undertakings of the party and the country, and to keep pace with the people’s yearning for a better life.

　　Fourth, we must persist in thinking from the long-term development of the cause of the party and the state, and fully understand that this new expression is neither a narrow concept nor a short-term concept, but a time node that aims at achieving the goal of the second century in the middle of this century, and we must take care of the concept of a long historical period; Fully understanding this new expression not only has strong practical pertinence and work orientation, but also has strong historical adaptability and time tension.

　　We must correctly understand the great significance of the changes in the main contradictions in our society and the new requirements for the work of the party and the state. In accordance with the requirements of the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "on the basis of continuing to promote development, efforts should be made to solve the problem of insufficient development imbalance, vigorously improve the quality and efficiency of development, better meet the growing needs of the people in economic, political, cultural, social and ecological aspects, and better promote the all-round development of people and the all-round progress of society".

　　The change of the principal contradiction in our society has not changed our judgment on the historical stage of our socialism.

　　Changes in major social contradictions will have a wide and profound impact on China’s overall development, and we must fully grasp them. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "It must be recognized that the changes in the main contradictions in our society have not changed our judgment on the historical stage of socialism in China, the basic national conditions that China is still in the primary stage of socialism for a long time have not changed, and China’s international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed. The whole party must firmly grasp the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism, firmly base itself on the greatest reality of the primary stage of socialism, firmly adhere to the party’s basic line, the lifeline of the party and the country, and the happiness line of the people, lead and unite the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country, focus on economic construction, adhere to the four cardinal principles, persist in reform and opening up, be self-reliant, and work hard to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern power. "

　　We should correctly understand and grasp the following points on the relationship between the changes of major social contradictions and the primary stage of socialism in China.

　　First, the primary stage of socialism in China is the underdeveloped stage of socialism, and the level of economic development plays an important role, so we must persist in taking economic construction as the center. At the same time, we should also realize that the level of economic development is not the only condition that determines the primary stage, but should be linked with the overall level of social development. The report of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has made a profound exposition on this issue. This shows that our party’s understanding of the primary stage of socialism has never been viewed solely from the level of economic development, but from the overall development of the whole socialist cause, involving productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure, material civilization and spiritual civilization, and economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, ecological civilization construction and party building.

　　Second, the primary stage of socialism is a long historical process. Just as many aspects will change, in this long historical process, the main contradictions in our society will inevitably change with the development of society. But these changes do not mean that the basic national conditions in the primary stage of socialism have changed, but that they have changed in the historical stage of the primary stage of socialism.

　　Third, to know and understand the changes of the main contradictions in our society, we must accurately grasp the changing characteristics of the primary stage of socialism. We should adhere to the Party’s theory of the primary stage of socialism, while continuing to promote economic development, we should better solve various problems in our society, better realize the all-round development of various undertakings, better develop the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and better promote the all-round development of people and society.

　　In a word, it is very important to accurately understand the materialist dialectics of "change" and "unchanged" when studying the new expression of the main contradictions in our society in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

　　The profound exposition in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China about Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s entering a new era and the changes in the main social contradictions in China is an important content of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. This great theoretical innovation is a further understanding of communist party’s ruling law, the law of socialist construction and the law of human social development, and a great contribution to scientific socialism. Just as it is of great significance for the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China to make a judgment on the principal contradiction in our society, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China will certainly play a realistic and long-term guiding role in the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause in the new era and the ultimate realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Cctv news(News Network): The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs announced today (October 29) that since the beginning of this year, China’s agricultural and rural economy has maintained a good momentum of development in general, achieving stability and progress.

　　Grain production is improving steadily, with a bumper harvest of early rice in summer and another bumper harvest in autumn.

　　The supply of "vegetable basket" products is of high quality. The production capacity of live pigs is at a reasonable level, and the market supply is guaranteed in the later period.

　　The results of poverty alleviation continued to be consolidated. 832 poverty-stricken counties have cultivated two or three leading industries. At the end of September, the number of migrant workers out of poverty reached 32.687 million, exceeding the annual target.

　　The industry of enriching the people in rural areas has been cultivated and expanded. In the first three quarters, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industry increased by 1.9% year-on-year, and the online retail sales of agricultural products reached 374.51 billion yuan, up by 8.8% year-on-year.

　　Driven by industry and employment and entrepreneurship, farmers’ income has grown steadily. In the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 14,600 yuan, a real increase of 4.3%.

　　Yangzi Evening News (correspondent Wang Yunxi, Li Zhilai, reporter Wan Lingyun) Nowadays, more and more people keep pets. It is not unusual to keep kittens and puppies, but not all small animals can be kept. Ge Moumou, a man who lives in Zhenjiang Dantu, likes eagles, so he thought about getting one to play, but he didn’t expect to play with fire. "My legal awareness is too weak. I know that it is illegal to do so, and I always hold a kind of luck." On the 15 th, the Dantu prosecutor told reporters that Ge Moumou regretted it at the trial site.

　　According to the prosecution, Ge Moumou gradually became interested in falconry after listening to others say that eagle catching birds is particularly fun in QQ group. "Catch the eagle, have a private chat near Jiangsu", "Anyone who has an eagle, please contact me" … … In September 2018, Ge Moumou, who couldn’t help but be tempted, began to post information about buying an eagle in the QQ group. Subsequently, a QQ nickname "Suiyuan" took the initiative to add Ge as a friend, and sent a message: "There are eagle money here, and 600 yuan money is limited to self-withdrawal." Immediately, I sent another photo to Ge Moumou. Ge was so happy at that time that he fell in love with the eagle at a glance. Next, according to the agreed time and place, after Ge Moumou "inspected the goods", he took out 600 yuan money and gave it to the other party. But later, when Ge wanted to ask the other party what to pay attention to when raising an eagle through QQ, he found that he could not contact the other party.

　　Because raising eagles is expensive and laborious, after a month or two, Ge Moumou, 19, became bored gradually. But because it cost 600 yuan money to buy eagles in the early stage and a lot of money to buy eagle food, Ge Moumou didn’t want to lose money, so he posted information about selling eagles in QQ group. Later, just as Ge Moumou was preparing for the transaction with 1,500 yuan, he was reported by the masses and was arrested by the public security organs on the spot. Appraised by the Forest Public Security Judicial Appraisal Center of the State Forestry Administration, the animal sold by Ge Moumou is goshawk, which belongs to Falconiformes and is a national second-class protected wild animal. At present, the goshawk involved in the case has been properly fostered in the animal rescue station of Kaixin Zoo in Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, and released at an appropriate time.

　　On August 9th, the Dantu District Procuratorate prosecuted Ge Moumou according to law. Since his behavior has violated the provisions of Article 341 of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and constituted the crime of illegally purchasing and selling precious and endangered wild animals, the court adopted all the opinions of the prosecutor in court and sentenced Ge Moumou to four months’ criminal detention, suspended for five months and fined RMB 2,000.

　　The prosecutor told the reporter that in fact, when Ge bought the eagle at first, he knew in advance that the goshawk was a national key protected animal on the Internet. However, at a young age, he was still lucky and thought that he would not find himself so skillfully. As a result, he could not escape from the French Open.

Byd responds whether the old model can be equipped with the eye of the gods. With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and intelligent driving technology, BYD’s Eye of God intelligent driving assistance system has attracted wide attention. This system integrates advanced sensors, high-performance computing platforms and intelligent algorithms to provide users with a safer and more convenient driving experience. Consumers show great interest in whether this high-tech product needs regular maintenance and whether the old BYD model can be upgraded to the Eye of God.

The Eye of God system really needs regular maintenance to ensure its stable operation and prolong its service life. Because any electronic equipment may be affected by the environment or usage habits after long-term use, its performance may decline or even malfunction, so regular maintenance is particularly important. The maintenance contents mainly include: keeping the sensor clean and calibrating it regularly to ensure that it can accurately perceive external information; Update the software version in time to meet new challenges and improve performance; Check the state of hardware and replace worn parts if necessary.

Regarding whether the old BYD models can be upgraded to the Eye of God system, many factors need to be considered. First of all, the vehicle must have a hardware foundation compatible with the system, such as a specific type of sensor interface and computing unit. Secondly, BYD will decide whether to provide upgrade services for old models according to market demand and technological progress. Finally, users also need to evaluate the upgrade costs, including hardware replacement costs and software licensing fees, to determine whether it is worth investing.

Although the old BYD car faces certain obstacles in upgrading the Eye of God, it is not absolutely impossible. Car owners can make reasonable decisions according to personal needs, budget constraints and relevant information provided by the government. At the same time, vehicles equipped with the Eye of God system should also pay attention to daily maintenance to ensure that they are always in the best condition.

　　The recent exposure of "Hainan Boao Yinfeng Kangyang International Hospital involved in the vaccination of fake nine-valent HPV vaccine" has poured a pot of cold water on the vaccination boom of HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine.

　　Over the past few years, in the upsurge of public opinion, the nine-valent HPV vaccine has gradually become a vaccine "online celebrity". An endless stream of cross-border vaccinators even once "stopped supplying" the nine-valent HPV vaccine in Hong Kong.

　　On April 28th, 2018, under the great expectation, the nine-valent HPV vaccine was officially approved for listing in Chinese mainland at the speed of rocket.

　　Before listing, the huge demand crowd gave birth to chaotic outbound vaccination intermediaries, and illegal smuggling was also common. This industrial chain is still active today.

　　The "fake nine-valent HPV vaccine" incident uncovered the gray side of the HPV vaccine business.

　　According to the notification of Hainan Provincial Health and Health Commission on April 28th, Hainan Boao Yinfeng Kangyang International Hospital (hereinafter referred to as "Yinfeng Hospital") was suspected of illegally vaccinating 38 people with HPV vaccine in January 2018. The "victim" of the incident said that these vaccines may be illegally smuggled or may come from a pharmaceutical factory in Siping, Jilin.

　　In addition, 32 of them are over the recommended vaccination age of nine-valent HPV vaccine (16-26 years old), that is to say, they do not fully understand the protective effect of HPV vaccine. Why do these older women spend nearly 10,000 yuan chasing the nine-valent HPV vaccine of unknown origin?

　　Many experts told The Paper that we should treat the value of the nine-valent HPV vaccine more rationally and need to cool down the "online celebrity" vaccine.

　　Hainan Boao Yinfeng Kangyang International Hospital, sealed by qionghai city Health and Health Commission on April 29th.A Hard-to-Find Nine-valent HPV Vaccine "Myth"

　　Since it was approved on April 28 last year, the strong demand for nine-valent HPV vaccine has triggered an appointment boom in various places, and Beijing, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and other places have all experienced the phenomenon of "one needle is hard to find".

　　On April 29th, The Paper called the Hubei Provincial Center for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment, and the outpatient department said that it was normal to make an appointment every Monday on the Internet because "there are only a dozen needles at nine prices every week".

　　In many cities, booking a nine-valent HPV vaccine requires a lottery. For example, in Nanning, Guangxi, after winning the lottery, the applicant will be informed of the specific inoculation place and time. If the inoculation is not completed within the specified time, it will be included in ‘ Blacklist ’ You must not participate in the lottery within half a year. "

　　In Shenzhen, from November last year, it was changed from "grab the number to make an appointment" to "shake the number to make an appointment". There were 95,111 valid applicants in the first lottery, and only 1,305 applicants won the lottery, with a winning rate of 1.37%.

　　Behind the "one needle is hard to find" is the publicity upsurge of HPV vaccine that lasted for several years, which even shaped the nine-valent HPV vaccine into a "myth".

　　Since the bivalent HPV vaccine was approved in 2016, titles such as "Ten years waiting, cervical cancer vaccine was finally approved" and "Chinese people waited for ten years, cervical cancer vaccine should not be missed" appeared in the media and occupied the circle of friends.

　　In fact, HPV vaccine has been listed in the United States, Australia and other countries as early as 2006. In 2013, Professor Qiao Youlin from China Academy of Medical Sciences and Institute of Oncology of Peking Union Medical College and his research team published a study in the international authoritative magazine Vaccine, saying that if the cervical cancer vaccine was absent from China for seven years, 380,000 women would miss protection opportunities and become cervical cancer patients in the future if effective intervention measures such as screening were not applied.

　　This research has attracted the attention of the domestic media. Since 2014, there have been reports in China about the long waiting time of cervical cancer vaccine. Until the first HPV vaccine was approved in China in 2016, the listing of tetravalent HPV vaccine in China has also caused widespread concern.

　　Under the ardent expectation of the public, on April 28th last year, the nine-valent HPV vaccine was approved by National Medical Products Administration at "rocket speed". It took only eight days from the acceptance of the marketing application to the conditional approval, setting a new approval record.

　　Who can be vaccinated with nine-valent HPV vaccine? Why is the recommended vaccination age limited to 16-26 years old? How to rationally treat the role of HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer? These questions are rarely mentioned.

　　"There is indeed a phenomenon of over-promotion of HPV vaccine. According to the guidance of WHO, it is clear that even if HPV vaccine is vaccinated, cervical cancer cannot be completely avoided." Wang Yuedan, deputy director of the Department of Immunology of Peking University, told The Paper on April 29th.

　　Some experts also pointed out that the frequent reports of vaccine shortage in the media and online have stimulated more women’s desire for vaccination, thus pushing up the market demand and increasing the supply gap.

　　HPV vaccine is only part of the prevention strategy.

　　"Popular Science Questions and Reference Answers about HPV Vaccine" published in National Medical Products Administration official website explained that for most people, being infected with HPV virus is like "getting a cold in the cervix", so there is no need to be too nervous and afraid.

　　"More than 80% of HPV infections will be naturally cleared within 8 months, and only a few persistent high-risk HPV infections can cause cancer for more than 2 years. Among those who continue to be infected, only a few people will develop cervical precancerous lesions, and only a few of the latter will develop into cancer. " Mentioned in the above popular science question and answer.

　　Two experts, Hu Shangying and Qiao Youlin, from the National Cancer Center and Peking Union Medical College Cancer Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences, also emphasized that HPV vaccination should be a part of the comprehensive prevention strategy for cervical cancer and other related diseases in a paper "Interpretation of the 2017 WHO HPV vaccine position paper" published in the Chinese journal of preventive medicine. In addition to vaccination, it also includes health education for women to avoid risky behaviors, screening, diagnosis and treatment, training health workers, and improving the accessibility of effective screening and treatment services.

　　For women over the age of 26 who want to get a 9-valent HPV vaccine in China, Liu Fangxun, deputy director of the Department of Special Needs International Medicine of Peking University International Hospital, suggested that they can choose to get a 4-valent HPV vaccine and have a cervical cytology (TCT) examination every year.

　　The best time for HPV vaccination is before sex, that is, before the first exposure to HPV infection. Therefore, teenagers are the best age for HPV vaccination.

　　The recommended vaccination age of bivalent HPV vaccine in China is 9-25 years old women, tetravalent HPV vaccine is suitable for 20-45 years old women, and nonavalent HPV vaccine is suitable for 16-26 years old women.

　　However, the recommended vaccination ages are different in different countries and regions. In the United States, the applicable ages of these three vaccines were all from 9 to 26 when they were first approved. It was not until last October that the indications of the 9-valent HPV vaccine were revised after an average 3.5-year follow-up study targeting 3,200 women aged 27-45. The US FDA approved the application of the 9-valent HPV vaccine to expand the age adaptation range.

　　At present, there is not enough clinical trial data in China to prove that people who are vaccinated with nine-valent HPV vaccine over 26 years old can get the same protective effect as the recommended vaccination age. In Hu Shangying and Qiao Youlin’s aforementioned papers, it is also emphasized that the protective effect of vaccines on older women is lower than that of younger women.

　　On April 28th, 2018, National Medical Products Administration conditionally approved the marketing of nine-valent HPV vaccine for preventing cervical cancer. Unlike bivalent and tetravalent HPV vaccines, the nine-valent HPV vaccine is conditionally approved.

　　Why is it conditionally approved? The nine-valent HPV vaccine is based on the approved data of the previous four-valent HPV vaccine, and it can conditionally accept overseas clinical trial data and bridge with overseas clinical data. Therefore, it is possible to conditionally approve the import registration of products in the shortest time.

　　Among the foreign clinical trials presented in the China instructions of tetravalent HPV vaccine, there is only one phase III trial aimed at the age group of 27-45, and the result is that "the effectiveness of this product in preventing CIN2/3 (cervical precancerous lesion), AIS (adenocarcinoma in situ) or cervical cancer related to HPV16 and 18 in women aged 27-45 has not been confirmed yet".

　　The intermediary chaos caused by huge demand

　　As a group of older women with more purchasing power and spending power, the irrational consumption demand for nine-valent HPV vaccine has also spawned intermediary industries such as "vaccination travel" and overseas vaccination.

　　Tourism websites and medical intermediary companies have launched nine-valent HPV vaccination services in neighboring countries and regions such as South Korea, Singapore, China and Hongkong.

　　In Hong Kong, the upsurge of HPV vaccination due to the "star effect" has also driven the consumption enthusiasm of some mainland women.

　　As early as November 2006, HPV vaccine was approved to be listed in Hong Kong. At the initial stage of listing, public acceptance was not high. According to the data of the Hong Kong Institute of Pharmacists, from November 2006 to 2014, only about 8.85% of women were vaccinated. This situation was reversed in 2015. In 2015, the HPV vaccine subsidy scheme in Hong Kong was fully launched, and eligible people could enjoy the subsidy price as low as HK$ 1,400 per person, with the subsidy rate exceeding 60%.

　　Hongkong also invited many stars to "help out", and G.E.M., Charlene Choi, Ekin Cheng and other stars participated in the production of public service advertisements for many times.

　　Substantial subsidies and celebrity endorsements and publicity have not only greatly increased the number of local vaccinators, but also attracted a large number of mainland women. However, public hospitals in Hong Kong are closed to mainlanders, and this huge consumer group is targeted by many private clinics and intermediaries.

　　In the qualified regular vaccination sites in China, age is a threshold, which blocks this part of the population over 26 years old. Moreover, before the nine-valent HPV vaccine is officially approved in Chinese mainland, it can only be inoculated abroad to get a wider range of titer protection.

　　An endless stream of cross-border vaccinators even once "stopped supplying" the nine-valent HPV vaccine in Hong Kong.

　　The Paper previously reported that from October 12 to December 1, 2017, Merck had directly suspended the supply of nine-valent HPV vaccine in major clinics in Hong Kong, and a large number of mainland consumers who went to Hong Kong for vaccination had disputes with vaccination institutions because of "broken needles".

　　After the unprecedented shortage, the risks of intermediary soliciting customers out of order, no contract documents and difficulties in safeguarding rights are exposed.

　　The age limit is not a problem in many intermediaries. An intermediary who went to Hong Kong to vaccinate the nine-valent HPV vaccine introduced to The Paper: "(Women) can fight if they have menstruation."

　　This chaos is also reflected in the incident of "suspected vaccination of fake nine-valent HPV vaccine" in Yinfeng Hospital.

　　The Paper interviewed 36 female vaccinators in this incident. According to the story, most of the 36 vaccinators were between 20 and 40 years old, and one of them was 49 years old at the time of vaccination. They all recommended each other through acquaintances, paid Wang Lina, who claimed to be the medical staff of Yinfeng Hospital, 900 yuan as the vaccination deposit in advance, and then swiped the card at the involved hospital or transferred 8,100 yuan online, paying a total of 9,000 yuan for the vaccination of this batch of nine-valent HPV vaccines.

　　"9000 yuan should be a random charge." Wang Yuedan said that according to the pricing of domestic nine-valent HPV vaccine, the current price of nine-valent HPV vaccine in the mainland is about 1,300 yuan/needle, and the price of completing three needles is less than 4,000 yuan.

　　In addition to the high premium, there are other risks in vaccination through informal channels in China.

　　According to Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao’s report on April 29th, doctors with unhealthy clinics in Hong Kong, in order to make huge profits, used the genuine nine-valent HPV vaccine produced by Merck Pharmaceutical Factory in the United States to attract mainland customers, and then replaced the genuine nine-valent HPV vaccine with parallel vaccines of unknown origin to vaccinate the guests.

　　"Which institution’s medical staff can fight (over age) means that it is in violation of regulations. If the institution can violate regulations in this place, it may also violate regulations in other links." Liu Fangxun, deputy chief physician of the Special Needs International Medical Department of Peking University International Hospital, told The Paper that vaccine management and cold chain transportation are closely linked in China, which is closely related to the quality and safety of vaccines. Inoculators should choose regular inoculation institutions.

　　Many places have seized HPV vaccine smuggling.

　　In the case of Yinfeng Hospital’s "suspected illegal inoculation of fake vaccines", the source of these nine-valent HPV vaccines became questionable. Victims who had been vaccinated before said, "The vaccines injected in this batch include unknown potions produced by a factory in Siping, Jilin, and smuggled vaccines."

　　At present, Suzhou police have filed a case for investigation. However, the source of the vaccine that is of concern to the outside world has not been disclosed yet.

　　The Paper previously reported that hundreds of people were involved in the vaccine case of Yinfeng Hospital, which was designated by the Ministry of Public Security to supervise the case. Yinfeng Hospital and Qingdao Meibomen House Beauty Information Consulting Co., Ltd. were just one link.

　　According to public reports, cases of illegal entry of "HPV vaccine" have been seized in Shenzhen, Xiamen, Yantai and other places.

　　In May 2017, the airport office of Yantai Inspection and Quarantine Bureau intercepted a number of illegally brought HPV vaccines in the luggage carried by inbound passengers from Taiwan Province.

　　In September 2017, Zhuhai Gongbei Customs officers intercepted two men at the "no declaration channel" at the entry site of Gongbei Port, and found that their suitcases contained a large number of nine-valent vaccines for cervical cancer. This batch of vaccines is placed in three blue heat preservation bags and a transparent sealed bag, some of which are completely boxed and some are in bulk. It is understood that there are more than 220 vaccines in this batch, equivalent to about 130,000 yuan. The passenger concerned failed to provide the vaccine-related approval.

　　In December 2017, the inspection and quarantine staff of Xiamen Airport Inspection and Quarantine Bureau intercepted 201 illegally brought HPV vaccines from the luggage of passengers entering Malaysia.

　　In March 2018, the staff of Shenzhen Huanggang Inspection and Quarantine Bureau seized a group of 45 boxes of nine-valent cervical cancer vaccines brought by passengers at Futian Port, a large number. On-the-spot inspection found that the vaccines were only wrapped in simple plastic bags and packed in backpacks, and no low-temperature cold chain transportation measures were taken, which was easy to degenerate and fail. The passenger said that the vaccine was brought into the country to help people, and it was impossible to explain the source of the vaccine and failed to provide relevant quarantine approval certificates.

　　In November 2018, Xiamen Customs, affiliated to the Airport Customs, intercepted 201 illegally brought HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccines from the luggage of Malaysian inbound passengers, including 150 tetravalent vaccines and 51 nonavalent vaccines. Passengers failed to declare voluntarily and could not provide relevant quarantine certificates.

　　According to the current drug administration law, smuggled vaccines belong to the category of counterfeit drugs.

　　Lawyer Yin Qingli of Beijing Ross Law Firm analyzed that according to Article 39 of China’s Drug Administration Law, if the vaccine comes from abroad, no matter whether it is true or not abroad, as long as there is no import procedure, it can be identified as the scope of counterfeit drugs.

　　In an interview with The Paper, Yin Qingli said that if the "Yinfeng Hospital case" was related to companies and individuals who directly and intentionally violated customs regulations, evaded customs supervision, and transported the vaccines involved in the case in various ways or evaded customs duties, it was not in the form of purchasing by overseas citizens, and there was no special crime of smuggling vaccines and drugs in China, the related companies and individuals might be suspected of committing smuggling in the ordinary sense. If the vaccine in this case is brought to China by an individual through overseas purchasing and used clinically, the so-called overseas purchasing individual should be suspected of selling counterfeit drugs.

　　"Because of the serious harm of counterfeit drugs, on the one hand, it endangers people’s health and life, on the other hand, it also harms the national drug supervision system and market order, so the criminal law makes such a provision. "Yin Qingli explained to The Paper that it is not difficult to see from the above provisions that the crime of producing and selling counterfeit drugs is an act of crime, that is, whether the act of producing and selling counterfeit drugs causes harm to health or not constitutes this crime.

　　Regarding the grey areas where the revised Vaccine Management Law is concerned about whether it can effectively manage vaccine smuggling, a professional who has been engaged in the research of laws and policies related to drug management for a long time told The Paper that in principle, there are special provisions to follow the Vaccine Law, and no provisions are based on the Drug Management Law. "The draft vaccine law has not specifically stipulated the smuggling of vaccines. These incidents will test the integrity of the law." The above personnel said.

Special feature of 1905 film network The summer file of 2023 is destined to create a new record in the film history of China: the total box office broke through 20 billion in one fell swoop, two 3 billion+volume explosions were born at the same time, many popular films were full of topics, and a group of new actors quickly became popular with their works in a short time.

Before, there was a fancy whole-live roadshow of "Proton Mission", and after that, Achai opened up a new track &hellip with "Pure Love Warrior". … However, just as many viewers are still lamenting that the film and television industry is finally "new to the living", the wind of "rice circle" has quickly blown to the summer file.

Sun Yang became the first person to face the fans "Chicken Baby". In his Weibo comment area, some fans are eager to prove the importance of heat to "Brother"’ s next acting career — — "How can you pick up your book after you have no heat? Can’t you walk on your way?" "Is it tenable for the elder brother who doesn’t do data in entertainment? Do you want to continue to check for this person? "

And Sun Yang’s response also gave the "rice circle" a little shock. In the face of "data powder" quite aggressive questioning, he directly responded: "I now have seven male-female movie scripts, thank you for your concern."

The recurring keywords "flow" and "data" and the words linking them with "script" and "actor’s road" are no strangers to people who have long been concerned about "internal entertainment". The discussion and even "contradiction" between works and traffic has long been a commonplace topic in the industry. Even for this reason, this wave of actors in the summer file "new" has made many people feel particularly bright.

Coincidentally, the "Fengshen Proton Group", which became popular in summer, is also facing the "critical" period of fan management and transformation after its popularity.

With the increasing number of roadshow fans, Ji Fa, who plays the role in the show, released the Announcement Initiative through the studio, clarifying the demands of "not advocating any non-public meeting", "opposing substitute filming during the filming of the crew" and "rational idolize". Yin Jiao’s actor, at the request of fans, also began to adjust the "support club" and other organizations.

There are not a few "explosive" actors who have experienced such changes. The later "eldest sister-in-law" and the works such as "The Long Season" are known to the audience, and all of them quickly disbanded their respective "fans" after a period of time.

"Data powder" exists in a certain proportion in the fan groups of all kinds of artists, and what ultimately determines the direction of "rice circle" is that idols and fans are "eager to cash in" by default, or calmly face the change of heat. Fortunately, compared with the blind recognition and pursuit of "flow" and "data" in the past, the transformation of public opinion and industry now gives actors more choices.

Under the hot search of Sun Yang by fans "Chicken Baby", the comments of netizens almost overwhelmingly supported his sobriety: "Some fans make this annoying in any circle" and "There are always fans who feel that my brother is only himself". Among the fans of "Proton Group", the voices against "rice circle" and "criticism" have gradually become the majority.

It is true that actors can’t live without the support of the audience, but what can bring them continuous "enthusiasm" and love will always be the next good work and good role, just like the reason why they can move from "obscurity" to everyone this summer. As an audience, the best support is to let the actors return to their roles and meet each other better in their works.

In the face of fans’ straightforward "reminders": "Just think about it, I can only say that this wave of heat is temporary." "If there is no traffic, it will really be buried." Sun Yang gave the most correct answer as an actor:

"In the torrent of the universe, history and time, we are all temporary. I have worked hard for fifteen years, and I am not afraid to continue to work hard for thirty years. (Buried) Then climb out again. "

The popularity may not make actors stand in the industry, but the correct attitude towards roles and work will certainly.

　　During the epidemic, many people put on masks and gloves in order to ensure that they are "invulnerable". Press the elevator button at ordinary times, touch the door handle that is scary and common, and polish it with disinfectant every day. Many people can’t help asking, how long can Covid-19 survive on these common items?

　　A few days ago, a joint team of top international scientific research institutions, such as National Institutes of Health, National Center for Immune and Respiratory Diseases, Princeton University and UCLA, published a pre-printed article in Medrxiv, specifically studying Covid-19’s viability on aerosol and material surfaces.

　　The experimental results show that under normal air humidity and temperature conditions, Covid-19 can survive for at least 4 hours on copper surface, 24 hours on cardboard, and 72 hours on polypropylene plastic and stainless steel surface. Covid-19 can also survive for more than 3 hours in an aerosol environment with higher humidity.

　　As a contrast, the article also studies the "vitality" of SARS virus. The results showed that SARS virus could survive for 8 hours on copper surface and cardboard surface, 48 hours on stainless steel surface and 72 hours on polypropylene plastic surface. In aerosol, SARS virus can survive for more than 3 hours.

　　In addition, by comparing the "half-lives" of the two viruses on the surfaces of different materials and aerosols, it is found that the half-lives of Covid-19 on cardboard are obviously longer than that of SARS virus, and the other half-lives are similar.

　　Therefore, the article thinks that the stability of Covid-19 and SARS virus in different environments is very similar. It is unlikely that Covid-19’s stronger spread comes from its stronger viability in the environment, but there are other potential factors.

　　　　Many things happened in bubble net video channel on April 16th, 2009, one of which was not only frightening, but also beyond the reach of ordinary events, that is, the pig caught a cold, ah no, it should be called influenza A (H1N1) … If you want to ask how scary this kind of thing is, you can know a thing or two by looking at the masks that are out of stock online. However, just as people around the world are panicked, I believe that the majority of gamers must be calm, right? Why? We’ve seen this thing a lot! Sars? SARS？ The virus in NO NO game is much more powerful.

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The father of zombies-T virus, G virus

　　Infected Games: Resident Evil Series

　　Symptoms: loss of personality, decreased IQ, aggressive, inexplicable bleeding and some mutations.

　　Transmission routes: blood transmission, laboratory virus leakage, bite by infected people and infection of unknown causes.

　　Treatment: There are no cured cases, and a shot to the head may be the only very good way to relieve the pain of patients at present.

　　Zombies! Zombies! This theme has actually existed since ancient times, and it is a biochemical series. The word "zombie" has almost become the exclusive term of Resident Evil, and the mysterious T virus and G virus have also caught fire, which has aroused the infinite research interest of the vast number of scientific research enthusiasts.

　　In fact, this virus is not original in biochemistry (biochemical experts beat me …). Its prototype in life is called "Ebola", which is translated as "Ebola" or "Ebola", and the diseases caused by this virus are called "Ebola hemorrhagic fever" or "Ebola virus disease".

　　In the game, this virus was deduced and renamed as Tyrant. It is a new type of RNA virus, a variant based on the early discovery of progenitor virus, which strengthens the characteristics of recombining biological genetic factors and is a demon product born for the purpose of developing biological weapons. However, some human beings can’t adapt to its mutation and become horrible zombies, and the secondary infection caused by it has produced various biological variations.

　　G virus is a virulent virus infection, although eating can make up for the loss to some extent, but because the virus grows in geometric progression, the destruction rate of organisms will be faster and faster until the metabolic rate of organisms can not follow up and eventually lead to death; T virus is a mild virus, which will coexist with the host. As a new generation of biochemical weapons, its purpose is to infect soldiers with T virus. Under the action of T virus, soldiers are extremely aggressive and will not have any feelings (T virus will control the central nervous system of the host for their own survival), and they can heal through rapid metabolism after being injured.

● The infectious disease of Kawaii-Metaklo disease.

　　Infection Game: Mario and Louis RPG3

　　Symptoms: the body expands and rolls back and forth uncontrollably.

　　Transmission route: unknown

　　Treatment: defeat Heikuba.

　　In the peaceful and stable mushroom kingdom, one day, a strange disease suddenly appeared-the terrible disease "Metaklow’s disease" that the body expanded and became bigger and couldn’t control rolling back and forth. The virus spread in the kingdom, and Princess Beech felt the seriousness of the situation. She summoned the spirits of all the stars and the "Road" brothers to hold a meeting to find countermeasures. In order to save the kingdom, Mario and Louis decided to travel to find the answer and set foot on an adventure again.

　　Uncle Mario took pains to save the troubled mushroom kingdom again. This spirit is really touching. It is really a hero among heroes and a model among models … Salute!

● Star mark syndrome-Genova virus

　　Infected Game: Final Fantasy VII

　　Symptoms: black spots appear on the body, and finally black liquid flows out and dies.

　　Transmission route: infection with Genova cells.

　　Treatment: something similar to the holy water produced by the extreme skill "Holy Gospel" like the manifestation of the dead Alice Bodhisattva.

　　The disease caused by Genova cells invading the human body is called Star Mark Syndrome. The infected person eventually dies of black liquid flowing out of his body, and the reason for the black spots on his body is the reaction of the life stream of his own body against non-self substances. After the infected person dies, his spirit and body will return to the stream of life, and the star mark will invade the stream of life with him, and then invade the planet, so that Safiros can control the planet.

● Witchcraft? Virus? Or both-anonymous virus

　　Infected Games: Dead Soul Series

　　Symptoms: you won’t get hurt, get old or die, but you will become a mindless walking corpse from now on.

　　Transmission route: drinking water from the Red Sea.

　　Treatment: unknown

　　Dead Soul is an escape-themed game, which has been sold for three generations since 2003. Although the time and place of the stories in the series "Dead Soul" are different, the plots are inherited. They all revolve around the fascinating songs from the sea, telling the strange events and tragedies that happened in rural Japan in the 1970s.

　　The virus in "Dead Soul" makes players realize the theme of "it turns out that eternal life is eternal pain". The corpse in the game is a dead body possessed by something similar to ghosts, thus becoming a walking corpse. They have no memory and just attack the living. It is also a zombie-themed game. Dead Soul gives people another kind of Japanese horror, with undead corpses, dim pictures, restless voices and distorted time and space, which reveals the truth step by step.

● The power of nuclear bomb-the sequela of nuclear radiation

　　Infection Game: Radiation

　　Symptoms: mutation, zombie change

　　Transmission route: air transmission, etc.

　　Treatment: unknown

　　"Radiation" is a series of classic games developed by Interplay Company. The plot takes place after the exhaustion of the earth’s oil. In order to compete for oil in the East Pacific, China and the United States have a war. The war finally caused a nuclear exchange, and the whole world was destroyed. Before the nuclear exchange, the United States established some underground nuclear bunkers, called shelters. Only those who entered the shelter are still alive safely, while those who failed to enter and those who failed to enter the shelter became zombies, and all kinds of strange mutant animals appeared on the ground, making the land desolate. With the opening of the shelter, people of various forces appeared in the wilderness.

　　Viruses raging in this series of games are produced by nuclear reaction and the failure of human biochemical experiments, which makes players deeply realize that human beings are so fragile and insignificant in various harsh living environments.

● Infecting the world, refreshing players-zombie virus upgraded version

　　Infected Game: grave defense

　　Symptoms: mutation, becoming a zombie

　　Transmission route: air transmission, etc.

　　Treatment: unknown

　　The story takes place in Willamette, Colorado, USA. One day, this quiet town was suddenly blocked by the government, and it seemed that something extremely unusual and serious had happened. Freelance journalist Frank? West instinctively felt the impact of this news. He did not hesitate to take photographic equipment and take the rented helicopter to the scene of the accident as quickly as possible. Completely unaware of the seriousness of the situation, the driver vividly described the general situation of Willamette for him …

　　Zombies in the game still have memories of their lives in their brains, so their actions and appearances are different, which means that zombies can also use various props and even weapons. This is a game that Capcom promotes zombie culture. The zombies on the full screen are matched with dynamic music, which makes people feel that all kinds of zombies in the game don’t seem terrible. You just have to pick up the bench, bat, knife and even TV at hand and kill them all the way.

● Terrible rabies-variant rabies virus

　　Infected Games: The Road to Survival Series

　　Symptoms: mutation, becoming a zombie

　　Transmission route: body fluid transmission

　　Treatment: unknown

　　The story of the game takes place in Shawana, Georgia, USA. The disaster in the game is caused by a variant of rabies virus, and four survivors in the game are immune to this virus. The player’s character is to cooperate with other survivor characters (four in all) to escape from the infected area and fight against the infected people along the way.

　　In the game, you should escape to the next safe place (safe room) according to the prompt. After arriving at the designated place, you should resist the constantly attacking zombies until the rescue comes to leave the epidemic area. It is also a zombie game famous for its frankness. The scene of this game is very open, and the number of zombies has reached the point of film. It depends on willpower to live.

● BOSS-class biochemical virus-DX-1118

　　Infected game: "killing the prototype"

　　Symptoms: It can absorb other people’s memories and abilities and gain all kinds of superhuman strength.

　　Transmission route: air contact becomes a zombie, physical contact becomes a superman.

　　Treatment: It’s unnecessary to be cured to become so powerful.

　　This is a game that combines GTA and Assassin’s Creed. The player plays an organism composed of viruses, fighting the army and various mutant creatures in Manhattan.

　　The game narrates that Alex Mercer, who has lost his memory and has special abilities, not only faces the threat of the military and elite organizations, but also spreads the problem of virus infection in the city. Players go deep into the conspiracy to find the truth of the incident. There is no suspense in the game to continue the mistakes made by human beings. They just cover up and then cover up. If they can’t cover up, they will destroy the old plot at any cost.

　　However, the virus in this work is incredibly powerful. After infection, it not only has various superpowers, but also absorbs the abilities of enemies and passers-by and becomes the appearance of the absorbed person. In the face of DX-1118 virus, all kinds of viruses in Resident Evil are just like the first-class mobs meeting the final BOSS.

　　DX-1118 virus was, as always, developed by the US military. In 1963, researchers discovered a virus. Experiments on primates showed that through the fusion of DNA, the virus could greatly improve the intelligence, strength and other physical elements of species at the genetic level, and launched the "Blacklight" plan centered on the virus. After that, the experiment was stopped because of a large-scale virus outbreak, and no one was spared except one person, but it was only in this way that the "Black Light Project" was started again and a large-scale infection broke out in Manhattan. Alex Mercer, played by the player, has actually been OVER at the beginning of the game. What is manipulated in the game is actually the simulation of Alex’s shape and personality after the virus is stained with his body. The title of the game "Prototype" also refers to him. ■<

Sohu Entertainment feature (HAMA/Wen) has ended in 2022. Looking back at the film industry this year, many markets around the world are recovering after the epidemic. The recovery of the film market in most countries depends on the supply of Hollywood blockbusters. How the blockbusters of several major Hollywood studios sell determines the rise and fall of many markets.

However, there are some exceptions, such as China and Indian film markets. Although the global influence of local films is limited, in their domestic markets, local films have an overwhelming advantage, and Hollywood blockbusters can only be embellished. In Asian markets such as Japan and South Korea, local films also have their own characteristics, which are basically equal to Hollywood blockbusters.

Tom Cruise’s Top Gun 2 ranks first in the world.

In 2022, there were 18 movies in the United States with a global box office of more than 200 million dollars, among which the top ten movies were all IP sequels and restarts, including Top Gun 2, Avatar 2, Jurassic World 3’s Doctor Strange 2, Little Yellow Man’s Big Eyes 2, Panther 2, New Batman, Thor 4’s Fantastic Animals 3 and Sonik the Hedgehog 2.

Tom Cruise’s Top Gun 2 became the highest-grossing movie in 2022, with a North American box office of 719 million dollars and a global box office of 1,488.7 million dollars, which was a big profit compared with the production cost of 170 million dollars. However, on the box office list of film history, it only ranks 11th, which is far from the global box office of Avatar, the first movie, with 2.923 billion dollars.

Avatar 2 was released on December 16th, and the global cumulative box office has exceeded $1.1 billion. The final global box office of the film is expected to reach 1.5 billion yuan and 2 billion yuan, which is likely to surpass Top Gun 2 and become the real champion in 2022.

Hollywood studios prefer to shoot sequels and IP instead of originality, which is a realistic choice, because sequels and IP have low risk and high success rate, while original works are easy to rush to the street.

Among the top ten films at the global box office in 2022, except Fantastic Animals 3, all other films met or exceeded expectations. Theoretically, if the global box office of Hollywood blockbusters can reach more than three times the production cost, it is considered to be profitable.

The production cost of Fantastic Animals 3 is $200 million, and the global box office is $400 million. It is not qualified to return to this standard with three times the box office.

The other nine films all earned more than three times the global box office. Among them, the global box office of Top Gun 2 is 8.76 times the production cost, Jurassic Century 3 is 6.07 times the production cost, and Little Yellow Man with Big Eyes 2 is 11.74 times the production cost.

The sequels such as Jurassic Century 3 and Little Yellow Man with Big Eyes 2 are not as good as their predecessors, but it does not affect them to make money from box office, copyright, peripheral products, theme parks and other channels.

However, many original works failed, such as Warner Bros.’ Black Adam, which cost US$ 200 million, the global box office of US$ 391 million, Sony Pictures’ bullet train, which cost US$ 86 million, the global box office of US$ 239 million, Paramount’s Lost City, which cost US$ 74 million and the global box office of US$ 191 million.

Two China films rank among the top ten in the global box office list.

Let’s look at the China market globally.

China’s films are rarely popular overseas, with only a relatively small box office income. However, because China’s domestic market is large enough, some films can also occupy a high position in the global box office list in terms of US dollars.

According to the statistics of boxofficemojo, a North American box office website, the Watergate Bridge of Changjin Lake is ranked ninth and tenth in the global box office list in 2022.

Watergate Bridge of Changjin Lake earned 4.067 billion yuan in China, 117,300 dollars in North America and 626.6 million dollars in the world. The box office in China, Moon Man was 3.102 billion yuan, which was not shown in North America, and the global box office was 460 million dollars.

This kind of statistics has the problem of exchange rate changes. If the exchange rate of US$ 1 to RMB in 7 yuan is calculated, the box office of domestic films is not included in the net box office of the service fee of the ticketing platform. The global box office of Watergate Bridge of Changjin Lake is about 537 million US dollars, the global box office of Moon Man is about 406 million US dollars, and the global box office of The Killer is not too quiet, Life Events and Returning to Wan Li are 343 million US dollars, 225 million US dollars and 208 million US dollars respectively, accounting for 50 million US dollars.

In recent years, China movies have been suppressed by Hollywood movies, shared the market with Hollywood movies, and occupied more and more market dominance. Among the top 20 movies at the box office in China in 2022, only Jurassic World 3’s Avatar 2 and League of Bad Guys ranked seventh, ninth and nineteenth respectively, and the others were all domestic films.

There is also an influence factor, that is, Hollywood blockbusters need quota and approval to enter China. In the past two years, Spider-Man: No Return of Heroes, Top Gun 2, Doctor Strange 2, Panther 2, Thor 4 Black Adam, Bullet Train and The Story of Light Year have not been introduced for release.

In the end, the box office of Chinese movies went backwards in 2022.

In 2020 and 2021, due to effective epidemic prevention and control, China surpassed North America and became the largest film market in the world.

In 2022, other countries in the world liberalized their control earlier, and people’s life returned to normal. However, the repeated prevention and control of the China epidemic made cinemas open and close, and many films were delayed in shooting, booking and release, resulting in the loss of audiences. The box office dropped to less than 30 billion yuan in the whole year, falling back to the level of 2014.

This year, the box office of movies in North America returned to the level of 64% in 2019 before the epidemic, while the box office in China only reached the level of 46% in 2019. The box office in North China was $7.266 billion, about 1.7 times that of.

Japanese, Korean and Indian films have their own strengths.

Looking at films in other major overseas markets, Japanese, Indian and Korean films all have their own strengths. According to the proportion of box office in normal years before the epidemic, Japan is the third largest ticket warehouse in the world, South Korea is the fifth largest ticket warehouse in the world and India is the seventh largest ticket warehouse in the world.

Japan’s IP animation sequel "Voyager: Geji with Red Hair" has a global box office of 174.5 million US dollars, of which, the domestic box office in Japan is 139 million US dollars, accounting for nearly 80%, and the other 20% is contributed by overseas markets.

Voyager: The Red-haired Song Ji has been shown in many overseas markets, such as North America, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Mexico, South Korea, Viet Nam, China, etc. Among them, the box office in North America is 12.78 million US dollars, accounting for 7.3% of the total box office in the world. Compared with China films, this overseas achievement is very outstanding.

In Japan, anime movies are usually the most popular, just as superhero movies are the best sellers in the United States.

In 2022, Voyager: Geji with Red Hair ranked first, Journey to the Bell Bud ranked third, Detective Conan: Bride of Halloween ranked fourth, and Slam Dunk ranked sixth, all of which were animation. The eighth place "King of the World 2" and the eleventh place "New Altman" are full-blown live-action movies.

The other five places in the top 10 of the box office list were reserved for Hollywood blockbusters Top Gun 2, Jurassic World 3, Spider-Man: No Return of Heroes, Fantastic Animals 3 and Little Yellow Man with Big Eyes 2.

South Korea’s performance in genre films has been outstanding in recent years. In 2022, Crime City 2, Helping Together 2: International, Hunting 6 are all action and crime genre films, Owlman 7 is a historical film, Witch 2 is a suspense crime action film, and the remaining major positions are occupied by Hollywood blockbusters.

Crime City 2 has a global box office of US$ 101 million, including US$ 99.77 million in South Korea and US$ 1.38 million overseas (including US$ 810,000 in North China). Like American movies, it mainly sells in the local market.

In the field of literary films, Japanese and Korean films have also been very strong in recent years. Li Cangdong’s Burning, Bong Joon ho’s Parasite, Ryūsuke Hamaguchi’s Driving My Car, Park Chan-wook’s Resolution to Break Up, Hirokazu Koreeda’s Broker, Sang-soo Hong’s Runaway Woman, Novelist’s Movie and In front of You have all attracted much attention at international film festivals.

The Indian market has always been dominated by domestic films, and Hollywood blockbusters are just embellishments.

In 2022, among the top 16 films in Indian box office, only three Hollywood films from Thor 4 ranked third, seventh and tenth respectively, and the others were all Indian films, including Coral Gold Mine 2, RRR, Brahma Artifact, Anti-drug Storm, Kashmir Archives, Godfather and Fauvism Agent.

The global box office of RRR was $102.7 million, including $81.54 million in India and $21.16 million overseas (including $11.11 million in North America).

RRR’s Hong Kong translation of Revolutionary Heroes is a fictional spectacle blockbuster with a historical theme. It tells the story of two Indian national heroes who fought against Britain under the British colonial background. Because it can arouse the patriotic feelings of the audience, it is described as "Indian version of Wolf Warriors".

The film was directed by S.S.Rajamouli, who made The Legend of the Warrior Burava, Kung Fu Fly and baahubali. baahubali once became a masterpiece in Indian film history and set a box office record because of its high investment, luxurious scenery, spectacular war scenes and unique national wonders. "RRR" once again won with luxury production.

Coral Gold Mine 2 and Brahma Artifact are also typical Indian blockbusters, focusing on action and special effects.

"Coral Gold Mine 2" has a global box office of 89.12 million US dollars, including 82.23 million US dollars in India, which is the local annual box office champion. The global box office of Brahma Artifact was 50.16 million yuan, including 38.31 million yuan in India.

Britain, France, Germany, Australia, Mexico, Brazil and other major markets also have their own local films, but their ability to resist Hollywood blockbusters is far less than those of Asian markets such as China, India, Japan and South Korea, and their local films are also difficult to have global influence, and the presence of commercial films is not as strong as that of art films.