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Compared with other bears, the short kiss (nose bridge), wide cheeks, round big head, a pair of figure-eight dark circles and wobbly walking posture … The baby (cub) characteristics of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) inspire our instinct to protect our cubs, and few people refuse to be cute.

Panda cubs. | Li Binbin

Panda is cute, but cute is not enough to be the reason why we spend a lot of money and material resources to protect a species. Are pandas doomed to extinction? Are we wasting resources on protecting this species? To answer these questions, we need to break three rumors first.

Rumor 1. Pandas have reached a dead end of evolution.

Many people say that giant pandas should eat meat for a living, but they are vegetarian and choose bamboo, which is the most difficult to swallow and not nutritious among plants. In essence, bamboo is a woody grass (monocotyledonous Gramineae), and more than 90% of its dry weight is lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Cellulose and hemicellulose up to 65%. In addition, it also contains a lot of silicon, which can be said to be firm, hard and nutritious. Eating it is like eating squeezed bagasse.

The panda’s main food looks particularly palatable. ｜Chi / flickr

Although the entrance of bamboo is not good, it is widely distributed and abundant, and other animals don’t eat it. Hiding in the bamboo forest can also avoid large animals such as saber-toothed tigers. Moreover, some studies show that pandas lost their umami receptors 4.2 million years ago due to gene mutation (Tas1r1 pseudogeneization), which means that meat and panda food are boring. However, it’s hard to have a definite answer whether you don’t think the meat is fragrant first or you start eating bamboo first. We can guess why pandas eat bamboo, but it is difficult to prove it. But come to think of it carefully, no matter what hypothesis, this great change in feeding has helped pandas to reduce their direct competition with other species to a great extent, which is a wise move.

In Qinling Mountains, pandas eat bamboo. | Li Binbin

Although the food habit has turned to bamboo, the digestive system of panda still retains the characteristics of carnivore, and the food stays and digests for a short time, and there is no enzyme that can decompose cellulose and lignin. However, the panda is not a sad fat man. It has evolved many magical weapons by virtue of its brute strength. Since food is poor in nutrition and difficult to decompose and absorb, you should keep eating it efficiently and laboriously.

Weapon 1. False thumb and good mouth

Panda’s wrist sesamoid specialized into the sixth finger "pseudo thumb". It enables pandas to have a grip function that other bears don’t have, so they can grasp it better, perform more precise operations, and eat bamboo flexibly and in one go. This kind of grip is not common, except koalas, North American opossums (toes) and most primates, which also eat bamboo pandas. Among them, only the big panda and the little panda specially developed the "sixth finger" to hold the other five fingers. The giant panda and the little panda are not closely related, but in order to adapt to eating bamboo, they have evolved the same characteristics, which is called "convergent evolution".

The fake thumb is the meat pad near the panda’s right eye. There are no claws on this finger. Panda’s hind paw doesn’t have a sixth finger. If you have a chance to see the panda’s front footprints, it will be six finger prints and five paw prints. ｜Thibaud Despres / animalli.com

Compared with all kinds of bears, panda’s bite force is second only to polar bears and brown bears. It has powerful masticatory muscles and a heavy and thick skull, which provides structural support for its strong bite force (there is a reason for its face). Eating bamboo is like eating cucumber. Bite it neatly and never drag your feet. This flat food mark is one of the signs of panda identification in the wild. So, don’t touch the panda at will, be careful to grab your hand and take a bite …

The "fake thumb" made the panda realize the opposite grip. By the way, see how good the mouth is. | Dong Lei

Weapon 2. Specially equipped intestines

Pandas also increase the surface area of absorbed substances by increasing the number and length of intestinal villi. At the same time, their intestinal secretions increase, protecting the intestines from being pricked by bamboo with high silicon content; These secretions will also be wrapped outside the stool to help the stool be discharged smoothly. Some of the scraped cells make it possible for researchers to extract DNA from panda poop-using this DNA information, we can carry out the related work of panda individual identification.

Panda poop, from which researchers can extract panda DNA. The depth of color depends on whether it eats bamboo leaves or bamboo poles. ｜WWF-UK

Weapon 3. Patience and wisdom

Pandas not only eat efficiently, but also have special patience. Pandas in the wild spend more than half (10 ~ 14 hours) eating every day, and most of the rest time is spent sleeping. The daily intake can reach 12 ~ 40 kg (depending on which part you eat), which is close to 20 ~ 40% of your body weight. However, because of the lack of nutrition and water, most of bamboo is discharged. Whether you eat or sleep, you can’t stop the panda from defecating. In the wild where pandas are distributed, their droppings are very existential-shuttle-shaped, in which bamboo poles and leaves can be clearly distinguished, without odor, and thrown into alcohol like green tea.

Panda poop is also a popular science prop in the zoo. ｜hannah

Pandas eat bamboo and are clever. Bamboo shoots are the most nutritious, so from early spring, pandas will chase the bamboo shoots all the way and eat them from low altitude to high altitude. In summer, bamboo leaves have the best nutrition, so they are eaten tightly. In winter, nutrition runs to bamboo poles, and pandas chew hard goods. Therefore, pandas can be distributed from the low valley to the altitude limit of bamboo of about 3500 meters, and rely on seasonal vertical migration to meet their own nutritional needs.

Therefore, pandas are not a failure in evolutionary history, they are the winners of the cunning [guǐ jué].

Proverbs 2. Pandas are "frigid" and have difficulty in reproduction.

In addition to the migration law, the breeding time of giant pandas is also related to the growth rhythm of bamboo. March to May is the mating season for pandas. Although females are only in estrus for two or three days and males are short, it does not prevent pandas from exuberant sexual desire and reproduction in the wild. Females can mate with multiple males in a short estrus period, while males look for females in estrus everywhere, and they can sow everywhere as long as they can beat other competitors.

Pandas are sexually mature at the age of 4-5. As long as they are not raising their cubs, all individuals will participate in breeding and can’t stop them. After mating, they return to their own solitary lives, do not interfere with each other, and will not raise the next generation together. This kind of open mating with multiple females and males is not "frigid" at all.

Pandas breed once every two or three years, with 1 ~ 2 babies each time, and they will choose to raise stronger babies to grow up, with a survival rate as high as 60 ~ 90%. This reproduction rate is not bad at all in higher animals. That pandas can’t be born is only blinded by the news in captivity.

Pandas who like to climb and hug trees and rest on them. Panda cubs tend to stay in trees for a long time to avoid natural enemies. | Li Binbin

Panda’s birth date is nearly half a year from mating, but their eggs are dormant after fertilization and float in the uterus until certain conditions are met, and then they will fall on the uterine wall and begin to develop. This is delayed implantation of the bear. For pandas, the intrauterine development time is less than two months, so the cubs born are only one-third as heavy as a can of coke. Some researchers suspect that the condition of fertilized eggs implantation is that the mother changes from eating bamboo shoots to eating bamboo leaves rich in calcium.

Sudden birth. Pay attention to the cub’s size. ｜ panda

After birth, the baby will cling to his mother for milk like a follower until he is nine months old and begins to eat bamboo. It’s April and May when spring is blooming, and fresh and tender bamboo shoots rich in protein come out. This breeding cycle can just make the next generation catch up with the best season. Individuals who can reproduce so far can of course make full use of the food growth cycle.

Proverbs 3. When bamboo blooms, pandas will starve to death.

Bamboo does have periodic collective flowering and then die in pieces. However, there are nearly 40 species of bamboo distributed in the panda’s habitat, which can be eaten by pandas. The collective flowering cycle of bamboo is different. When one kind of bamboo blooms, pandas move to other places to find another kind of bamboo to eat.

There are many bamboos that pandas can eat, such as Muzhu (left) and Arrow Bamboo (right). ｜ plantphoto.cn

Pandas are highly nearsighted, but in the dense bamboo forests under the forest, your eyesight is useless, even if there are fairies a few meters away, you can’t see them. The panda has an excellent sense of smell. Before you see it, it can smell that you are not the same kind. The first reaction will be to avoid it and walk away silently. At the same time, they also distinguish territories and convey courtship signals through smell marks. When the tail is tilted, urine is mixed through the secretion of perianal glands to mark the trunk.

Watch the tail carefully! Although it is less than 20 cm, it is still the longest tail among bears except lazy bears. No matter how dirty you sit, it is white, not black. ｜cliff1066™ / flickr

Truth 1. The threat of pandas lies in the loss of habitat.

Delicious and edible bamboo needs the protection of the forest. If there is no shade, bamboo will grow too dense and thick. At the same time, forests with less interference often have big trees, which can provide pandas with litter holes. This is why a good forest is so important to pandas.

Panda habitat in Wang Lang National Nature Reserve, healthy bamboo forest under spruce and fir. | Li Binbin

Looking up at the trees in the sky, looking down at the green bamboos, hanging branches of pineapples, densely covered with moss, and flowing through the gentle slopes, this is the paradise of pandas. With their unique choices, the uncontested pandas could have lived in peace all the time. They are not short of food.

However, the sound of deforestation sounded, all avenues passed through the forest, bulldozers pushed away the shelter, and brought the imprint of the city. Hydropower, minerals, farmland, grazing, and even commercial tourism development, uncontrolled people and traffic are squeezing the panda’s wild habitat step by step, breaking it into parts and "breaking it down one by one." Taking Wang Lang Giant Panda Reserve as an example, grazing has led to the degradation or even disappearance of more than one third of the panda habitat. The reduction and fragmentation of habitats, coupled with rapid climate change, are the real threats faced by pandas.

Bamboo that died after being eaten by cattle and horses in the panda habitat in Pingwu, Sichuan. | Li Binbin

Although the number of pandas has increased in the past decade, it has been divided into 33 local populations, of which 18 local populations have fewer than 10 individuals, which is highly endangered. They are separated from other local populations by natural or artificial barriers, making it difficult for individuals and genes to communicate. If bamboo blooms and dies, another kind of green bamboo may not be far away, but there is no ecological corridor connecting the two areas, so pandas can’t get through; If a malignant disease strikes, the local population is too similar, and it is difficult for individuals to survive with disease-resistant genes-the result may be the collapse of a local population. With the rapid climate change, the growth mode and scope of bamboo have changed. Will the giant pandas have time to migrate and adapt? Are their prospects optimistic?

Truth 2. Protecting pandas is not only protecting pandas.

As the only country with wild giant pandas, our protection should not stop at expanding the captive population. It is more reasonable to put resources into the protection of wild habitats. This kind of protection not only protects pandas, but also protects the lifeblood of other creatures.

Because of the establishment of the panda reserve, these areas still retain intact virgin forests. The picture shows Wang Lang National Nature Reserve in Sichuan. | Li Binbin

The distribution area of pandas happens to be the area with the highest concentration of endemic species in China, and 96% of panda habitats are hot spots of endemic species distribution in China (endemic species in China, that is, creatures you can’t find outside China). There are more than 8,000 species of animals and plants in the panda habitat, covering 70% of mammals endemic to China, 70% of birds endemic to China and 30% of amphibians endemic to the forest. It can be said that protecting any forest that pandas like sheltered many unknown, unique and possibly endangered species.

Nearly one-third of the national hotspots of mammals, birds and amphibians are located in the panda habitat. ｜ShutterPulp / flickr

For these species, it may be difficult for you to find them cute, it may be difficult for you to donate money to them, it may be difficult for you to know their existence or even remember their names, and their disappearance may be neglected. However, a healthy ecosystem, a vibrant forest, is marked by these species, as well as the known or unknown intricate relationship between species.

I don’t know if we are too lucky. In the southwest mountainous area of China, a biodiversity hotspot that is even important to the whole world, there is a star species, the panda, that people all over the world pay attention to. Because of this concern, compared with other areas in China, it is considered a lucky land. Panda is like a big umbrella, protecting these creatures who live in the same land with it.

Author: Li Binbin

Editor: hannah

An AI

You love pandas, are you willing to pay more attention to their wild homes, and are you willing to use your choices to support local people to find reasons and motivation to protect forests?

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　　Cctv newsAccording to the website of the Ministry of Education, in order to thoroughly implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue, promote the reform of educational methods, guide the majority of primary and secondary schools to focus on the requirements of the new curriculum and the new educational reform, start experimental classes in full swing, consolidate the practical foundation of basic disciplines, improve the quality of scientific education, and cultivate students’ scientific thinking ability, scientific inquiry and practice ability, scientific attitude and social responsibility. The Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education commissioned the Education Technology and Resources Development Center of the Ministry of Education (Central Audio-visual Education Center) to organize the development and release of the Basic Catalogue of Experimental Teaching in Primary and Secondary Schools (2023 Edition) (hereinafter referred to as the Basic Catalogue).

　　The development of the Basic Catalogue is based on the current curriculum standards, with reference to the teaching equipment allocation standards and teaching materials of various disciplines, and sorts out the basic experiments and practical activities that should be carried out to construct the core concepts, core laws, core experimental literacy and skills of disciplines under the new curriculum concept, including primary school mathematics, science, information technology, junior high school mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, information technology, There are more than 900 experiments and practical activities in 16 subjects of high school mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, information technology and general technology, covering a variety of practical activities such as observation, measurement, inquiry, simulation, design, programming, production, planting, breeding, visiting, investigation, mapping and experiment.

　　Based on the current situation, development needs and typical problems of experimental teaching in primary and secondary schools, the Basic Catalogue takes into account the practical needs of meeting regional differences, the integration of learning segments, the characteristics of disciplines and the diversification of teaching, and strives to highlight the basic, typical, systematic and educational nature. From a basic point of view, the Basic Catalogue takes the theme of curriculum standards as a clue, sorts out the basic experiments and practical contents that should be carried out in various disciplines, and defines the experimental activities that should be started and started, so as to ensure that students can fully experience the practical learning experience of exploring nature, acquiring scientific knowledge, cultivating scientific thinking and solving scientific and engineering problems. Typically, the Basic Catalogue fully considers the characteristics of disciplines and practice types. Based on the standardized scientific research paradigm, engineering technology design and implementation process, it refines the typical scientific inquiry and practice activities of natural sciences and the general processes and methods of practical teaching of technical disciplines, and promotes the cultivation of basic experimental skills such as individual skills and skills to the cultivation of high-level practical literacy such as model construction, reasoning, analysis and synthesis, innovative thinking, and promotes the activity and curriculum of practical teaching, and strives to cultivate students’ complex problem solving. From a systematic point of view, the Basic Catalogue follows the demand of advanced training of practical ability, systematically selects and refines suitable practical activities in each study section, reduces repeated and fragmented experimental projects between study sections and disciplines, promotes the integrated development of practice between disciplines and study sections, and provides effective methods and approaches for interdisciplinary learning and project-based learning. From the perspective of educating people, the Basic Catalogue insists on five educations, with moral education first.Fully adopt the forms of investigation and study, exhibition and exchange, map drawing, poster making, emergency drills, simulated first aid and other activities, and integrate major educational themes such as China’s advanced science and technology culture, national security, economic strategy, life safety and health into the practical teaching of science and technology, so as to lay a solid literacy foundation for cultivating students into socialist builders and successors with ideals, skills and responsibilities.

　　Making good use of the Basic Catalogue is of great significance to the implementation of the "double reduction", the addition of science education and the cultivation of compound innovative talents. We should make a good experimental teaching plan according to the Basic Catalogue, take the basic experimental course as an important teaching content, start experimental courses and practical activities well, pay attention to deepening the reform of teaching methods according to the Basic Catalogue, incorporate experimental and inquiry practical teaching as an important part of the science and technology curriculum system into the basic norms of subject teaching, carefully design practical teaching contents such as experiments according to the teaching requirements of different classes, and strengthen learning by doing, using and creating middle schools, reflecting practicality and innovation. Based on the experimental contents of the Basic Catalogue, we should strengthen the construction of laboratories in primary and secondary schools, support the exploration and construction of diverse practical spaces such as functional classrooms, comprehensive laboratories, innovative laboratories and educational maker spaces, do a good job in the allocation of teaching equipment in various disciplines, and ensure the experimental teaching conditions. It is necessary to refer to the Basic Catalogue to strengthen the evaluation and investigation of experimental teaching, incorporate the opening of experimental courses in schools into teaching visual guidance and daily supervision, carry out monitoring of the compliance rate and utilization rate of teaching equipment, and continuously improve the experimental ability and practical innovation ability of teachers and students.

In the graduation season of 2020, 118 college students from Karamay Campus of China Shiyou University (Beijing) who are going to work at the grass-roots level in Xinjiang wrote to General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on the occasion of leaving their alma mater, and expressed their determination to work together with people of all ethnic groups to build a beautiful frontier.

The general secretary wrote a reply to them quickly in spite of his busy schedule, which included both care and encouragement for 118 students and guidance and expectations for college graduates across the country:

The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once said: "The river of time is endless, and each generation of young people has their own opportunities and opportunities. They must plan their lives and create history under the conditions of their own times."

Well Ke No.1 (formerly known as Well Heiyoushan No.1) is located 5 kilometers southeast of Heiyoushan, Karamay City, Xinjiang, and is a discovery well in Karamay Oilfield. On October 29, 1955, the industrial oil flow was obtained after the completion of drilling in Well Ke No.1, marking the first large oil field in New China — — The birth of Karamay oilfield.

Since 1956, under the call of "national support for Karamay", people with lofty ideals, thousands of demobilized soldiers and young intellectuals have gathered in this hot land of Gobi from all directions of the motherland. For more than 60 years, "I have contributed oil to the motherland!" Become the most affectionate confession of generations of Xinjiang oil people to the motherland.

On July 23rd, 2021, in Karamay, Xinjiang, nine college students from Karamay Campus of China Shiyou University (Beijing) used their summer vacation time to go deep into the production line of Jinlong 2 well area in Mahu Oilfield.

In 2015, the Ministry of Education approved China Shiyou University (Beijing) to build Karamay Campus, and Karamay welcomed new builders. Since 2016, the enrollment scale of Karamay Campus of China Shiyou University (Beijing) has increased from the first batch of 510 students to 2000 students in 2022, and the enrollment covers 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). Inspired by the spirit of the general secretary’s reply, 60% of the graduates who signed employment in the campus chose to work in the field of petroleum and petrochemical, and 50% chose to take root in the grassroots in Xinjiang.

"The beautiful dreams pursued by Chinese youth are always closely linked to the historical process of rejuvenating China." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always been based on the far-reaching consideration of "ensuring the party’s cause from generation to generation and ensuring the sustainable development of the Chinese nation", guiding young people to grow up and make contributions;

"Go to the grassroots and the people to make contributions and let the flowers of youth bloom where the motherland needs them most";

"After graduation, go to the places where the people need it most, and benefit the people, especially the grassroots, with kindness and benevolence";

"After graduation, go where the motherland and the people need it most, and strive to be satisfied with the party and the people ‘ Siyou ’ Good teacher ";

"To turn the grand blueprint depicted by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China into reality, young people from all walks of life are required to shoulder heavy burdens and take the lead";

"Young people in contemporary China are born at the right time, and the stage for displaying their talents is extremely broad, and the prospects for realizing their dreams are extremely bright".

… … … …

Students of Tibet University Medical College who are internship in Peking University Shougang Hospital, graduates of Baoding College in Hebei Province who are teaching in the west, normal students of Beijing Normal University’s "Excellent Teacher Program" and members of Shen Fei "Luo Yang Youth Commando" of China Aviation Industry Group have all received such earnest replies from the General Secretary.

On April 4, 2023, the students who participated in the selection of naval pilots discussed and spoke in the psychological selection session, and the psychological selection experts of naval flight talents observed the activities of the participating students.

Scrambling in the battlefield of poverty alleviation, struggling to climb in the post of tackling key scientific and technological problems, rushing to the front line of emergency rescue and disaster relief, armored in the front line of epidemic prevention and control, courageously striving for the first place in the Olympic competitive arena, and guarding the sentry post of defending the motherland mightily, so as to be able to rush out and stand up at the moment when the party and the people need it most … … Countless young people stepped forward, incorporated the "small goal" of personal struggle into the "big blueprint" of the cause of the party and the state, and shed sweat on the land of the motherland, becoming a well-deserved pioneer of the times.

On May 4, 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to China Academy of Space Technology of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation to have a discussion with outstanding youth representatives from all walks of life and delivered an important speech. This is a photo taken by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader and outstanding youth representatives visiting the exhibition hall before the forum.

"We should look at the innovation and creation of young people with appreciation and approval, actively support them to shine in life, and praise and applaud the achievements and achievements of young people."

With the care and encouragement of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, the young people of China in the new era are full of lofty sentiments, turning their ideals into the power of action, taking knowledge and skills to the west, the grassroots and the places where the motherland needs them most, taking the frontier and the grassroots as the best classrooms, and strengthening their bones and muscles through tempering.

A group of data vividly explains the regretless choice of China youth in the new era:

— — By 2021, 470,000 "three supports and one support" personnel have participated in grass-roots education, agriculture, medicine and rural revitalization (poverty alleviation), and millions of young students have participated in the "three rural areas" social practice activities, providing new help for poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.

— — In the front line of engineering technology innovation, more than 3 million science and engineering college graduates leave the school every year, providing a steady stream of effective strength for China engineers.

— — Since 2014, among the newly registered market entities, there are more than 5 million college entrepreneurs. In the information technology service industry, culture, sports and entertainment industry, science and technology application service industry and other industries with innovation and creativity as their key competitiveness, young people account for more than 50%.

— — By the end of 2021, there were more than 90 million registered volunteers between the ages of 14 and 35 in the national volunteer service information system, who were active in various fields such as community building, large-scale competitions, environmental protection, poverty alleviation and development, health and wellness, emergency rescue, and cultural heritage.

… … … …

"I sincerely hope that every young person will become a socialist builder and successor, live up to the mission of the times and live up to the expectations of the people." The general secretary is convinced that "the young people in China in the new era are good and worthy of great responsibility!"

Looking forward to the future, the younger generation of our country will certainly have a lot to do, and it will also have a lot to do. This is the historical law of "the waves behind the Yangtze River push the waves ahead" and the responsibility of "each generation is stronger than the next".

　　Xinhua News Agency, Los Angeles, December 16th, special feature: Why did the loss of a mountain fire hit a hundred-year record — — Reflection on Mountain Fire Disaster in California, USA

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Heng Gaoshan

　　On the real-time fire map of California Forest Fire Bureau, many mountain fires are still burning. Compared with the basically controlled mountain fire "Kemp", these mountain fires are small in scale, but they still make Californians nervous.

　　Recently, mountain fires "Kemp", "woolsey" and "Hill" have ravaged the north and south of California at the same time, causing at least 89 deaths and burning more than 20,000 buildings. The "Kemp" mountain fire has become the most deadly and destructive mountain fire disaster in the United States in the past 100 years because it claimed more than 80 innocent lives.

　　Although California mountain fires are related to natural factors, they also expose some problems such as outdated infrastructure, improper planning and insufficient budget in some parts of the United States, which causes American society to reflect.

　　Climate change policy is questioned.

　　On December 7, the US Environmental Protection Agency announced a new policy, which greatly loosened the restrictions on carbon emissions of new coal-fired power plants. This is the latest action of the Clean Power Plan issued by the current US government during its subversion of the Obama administration. In the eyes of many scientists, similar carbon emission loosening policies will aggravate global warming, thus leading to more "Kemp"-style deadly mountain fires.

　　According to the statistics of the National Inter-departmental Fire Center of the United States, four of the five largest mountain fires in California history occurred after 2012 in terms of fire area. The "Thomas Mountain Fire", which just set a fire area record at the beginning of this year, was surpassed by the "Mendocino Joint Mountain Fire" with a fire area of more than 1,148 square kilometers seven months later.

　　Neil Laru, an atmospheric researcher at the University of Nevada, Reno, believes that the frequent severe mountain fires are behind the trend of climate warming. "When the atmosphere warms, it also becomes hungrier." Strong winds accelerate the spread of fire, and at the same time, "thirsty" air will absorb water from plants, making vegetation more flammable. "Heat, drought and strong winds are all raw materials for mountain fires. It’s all collected this time. "

　　In the view of California Governor Jerry Brown, "Fire Devil" is rampant because of human factors. He emphasized to the media and the public that global warming and the increase in extreme weather are the fundamental reasons for the destructive power of California mountain fires. Humans need to "stand with nature" to stop the trend of global warming.

　　This is an important part of the White House’s policy philosophy. The current U.S. government not only withdrew from the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, but also abolished a series of energy reform measures formulated during the Obama era by administrative order, and even planned to force the reduction of automobile exhaust and carbon emission standards of coal-fired power plants.

　　Coincidentally. When reflecting on the severe flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey in Houston last year, many scientists also expounded the relationship between climate change and frequent hurricanes. Jim Black, a professor of environmental engineering at Rice University in Texas, told reporters that in the United States, climate change has almost become a taboo topic, and he does not agree with this practice. He believes that facing up to climate change will help to deal with disastrous weather conditions to a certain extent.

　　"These measures [to loosen carbon emission restrictions] mean that when people face heat waves, droughts, fires and floods, the government will ignore them. These disasters will become more terrible because of climate change. " Ken Chimel, president of the American Union of Concerned Scientists, told reporters.

　　Infrastructure aging buried hidden dangers.

　　In addition to the "bad weather", California suffered heavy fire losses in the past two years, which also reflected two major livelihood issues that have plagued the United States for many years, namely, the housing crisis and the aging of infrastructure. Failure to nip in the bud is closely related to these disadvantages of people’s livelihood.

　　In California, for example, the housing needs of a large number of low-income people have been unable to meet for a long time, and their homes have been forced to gradually expand from the edge of the city to the adjacent wild forest areas, some of which are even the originally planned urban fire belts. In order to ensure the real estate tax that supports local finance, some municipal authorities have relaxed supervision on developers. As a result, a large number of buildings were illegally built in the forest. Once a mountain fire happens, it is easy to cause huge personal and property losses.

　　Richard halsey, an expert on mountain fires, wrote in the Los Angeles Times that the social reasons behind mountain fires must be acknowledged, including "poor planning". "They allow developers to leave hidden dangers during development, but let firefighters take the blame."

　　The aging of power, communication, emergency and other infrastructure has seriously affected the life-saving and escape measures such as fire warning, notification and evacuation. The communication signal in the mountainous area of California is extremely poor. In Paradise Town, the hardest hit area of the mountain fire "Kemp", many victims who escaped from the fire confirmed to reporters that about one-third of the 27,000 residents in the town did not receive the mandatory evacuation order issued by the police through mobile phones, networks and other channels when the mountain fire occurred.

　　According to an after-the-fact investigation by the California Public Facilities Committee, the first batch of firefighters who rushed to Paradise Town arrived at the scene 10 minutes after the fire broke out, at about 6: 45 am on November 8. Due to the shortage of local base stations and communication difficulties, although the county sheriff’s office quickly issued an evacuation order, it was past 8 o’clock when the first batch of residents learned the order, and by 10: 15, the mobile communication signal in Paradise Town was completely interrupted.

　　Savannah Lauscher, a resident of Paradise Town, recalled that when she received the alarm at about 8: 30, the ashes had drifted outside her house. "We saw a wall of fire. The Woods 50 yards (about 45 meters) away are burning and moving forward at a speed of almost 10 yards (about 9 meters) per minute. " Their family escaped by car like most people, but the road was so congested that they had to drive into the opposite lane to find a way out. Many people abandoned their cars and fled, while many people who stayed in the cars were burned to death.

　　Old power facilities are also a great hidden danger. According to the investigation report of the California Forest Fire Bureau on the cause of the fire in 2017, of the 21 large-scale fires in that year, 17 were caused by the equipment failure of Pacific Gas and Power Company. According to reports, the cause of the "Kemp" mountain fire may also be related to this.

　　Insufficient special budget attracts criticism.

　　The frequent occurrence of catastrophic mountain fires highlights the shortage of funds related to disaster prevention and relief in the United States. When the fiscal deficit and debt are rising, the U.S. government insists on using more government budgets in the military field, and does not hesitate to squeeze the budgets of federal agencies related to people’s livelihood. In addition, short-sighted economic and fiscal policies have magnified the shortcomings of insufficient and unbalanced disaster prevention and relief resources in the United States at this stage.

　　In FY 2018, the department responsible for forest fire prevention at the federal level — — The overall fire budget of the US Forestry Administration decreased by 17%, of which the budget for fire fighting was 1.06 billion US dollars, and in fiscal year 2017, the bureau spent more than 2.5 billion US dollars on fighting mountain fires. Overexpenditure on fire fighting has resulted in less and less expenses on fire prevention and related scientific research.

　　Us president trump accused California of failing to clean up dead trees and weeds in the forest in time after the "Kemp" mountain fire. The budget table of the US Forestry Administration shows that this year’s federal budget will directly reduce the budget for "cleaning up dangerous combustibles" from more than $37 million to zero. The inter-departmental "Joint Fire Science Research Project" has funded 280 sub-projects in the past 10 years, which has played a great role in guiding the disaster reduction and prevention of mountain fires. However, the funding for this research project in 2018 is less than a quarter of that in 2011.

　　Due to historical reasons, a large area of land in the western United States belongs to the federal government. Take the forests of California as an example, 40% are owned by federal agencies, 30% are privately owned, and 30% are owned by the California government. The federal government has invested less in the prevention, control and scientific research of mountain fires, so the state government has to use local financial funds to advance. In 2016, California paid $16 million in firefighting funds for the federal government. Until 2017, the money was not returned, which led California to threaten to stand by and watch the fires in the federal government’s jurisdiction.

　　The California mountain fire also exposed the imbalance in the allocation of disaster relief forces of local governments in the United States. An official of the Los Angeles Fire Department told the reporter that "Kemp" caused heavy casualties in northern California, while the other two fires near Los Angeles caused relatively light losses. The most direct reason was that the local government in southern California had more money, so it could hire more firefighters, professional firefighting planes and other large equipment. The worst-hit paradise town, which is located in Buyut County, is one of the poorest places in California.

　　The casualties and losses caused by a fire are heartbreaking. The inability of the federal and local governments to cope with the disaster has exposed the shortcomings of American social governance. These deep-seated contradictions and problems should arouse the reflection of the American government and society, otherwise, the future fire and water disasters will only be more ruthless. (Participating in reporters: Wu Xiaoling, Changyuan, Gaolu, Liu Liwei)

The opening ceremony of the 31st Summer Universiade was held in Chengdu at 8 o’clock tonight.

Which scene poked you in the hot search of the opening ceremony of Chengdu Universiade?

Each of the 10 moments of the opening ceremony was amazing and worth brushing again!

/Instant 1/

Water splashing golden fireworks

The whole venue was lit by the welcome fireworks of Chengdu Universiade.

Gorgeous golden fireworks are like splashing water, beautiful, cool and eye-catching!

Fireworks show the words "WELCOME" and "welcome" in the air to welcome friends all over the world!

Beautiful high-definition big picture

Every picture is breathtaking.

/Instant 2/

Social cattle version of bouncing Rong Bao

Have to say

The national treasure content of this opening ceremony is too high! 34 pandas are so good at jumping!

The netizen caught the bright spot at a glance: Rong Bao can jump so well

True social cattle stand out!

The giant panda is not only the national treasure of China.

It is also the darling of the people of the world.

The giant panda that has lived on the earth for 8 million years.

It is the flagship species of biodiversity conservation in the world.

Sichuan is the main habitat of giant pandas.

It is also to protect giant pandas and maintain biodiversity.

And ecological integrity.

Nowadays, the threat level of giant pandas is graded.

From "endangered" to "vulnerable"

The "demotion" of giant pandas

It confirms the upgrading of the living environment of wild species in China.

/Instant 3/

12 seconds countdown

The tail feather of the Sun God Bird flashes and emits 12 golden rays, counting down to 12, and the opening ceremony of Chengdu Universiade officially begins!

The countdown to the opening ceremony is based on the theme of "praising the sunshine"

It consists of three parts: short film, scene image and fireworks.

Chinese cultural heritage symbol "Sun God Bird"

Flying through time and space, the tail wing rotates

Emit 12 golden rays.

The countdown begins with the number "12"

/Instant 4/

Daliangshan girl sings the opening ceremony

"The national flag is beautiful. Venus shines on the earth.

I would like to become a little red cloud and fly into the blue sky to kiss you … … "

Six Yi children from Daliangshan

Chorus "The national flag is so beautiful" in the center of the stage.

Pure singing seems to be able to cross mountains and seas.

Move the audience

Young people from 56 ethnic groups sang "Singing the Motherland"

In the song, the five-star red flag enters! The most beautiful China red!

/Instant 5/ Raise the national flag and play the national anthem.

National Flag of the People’s Republic of China, National Anthem of the People’s Republic of China! Full chorus!

/Instant 6/ Colorful Shu brocade incarnates gorgeous avenue

College athletes from 113 countries and regions in the world walked into the scene and woven colorful Sichuan brocade on the ancient loom. This Sichuan brocade turned into a colorful avenue and walked on the splendid road woven by Sichuan brocade. College athletes from all over the world entered the stadium! Welcome everyone!

The China delegation made its debut, and the familiar jasmine sounded and the applause thundered!The whole audience is boiling: shout "Xiongqi"!

/Instant 7/ Pepper

Sharp-eyed friends have found out! The guide clothing is inspired by Sichuan pepper and designed with Sichuan brocade as the core element, which is worthy of being in Chengdu!

/Instant 8/ Romance through three thousand years

The wonderful 15-minute art performance brings a dialogue between ancient and modern times that has passed through 3,000 years to the whole world.

Jinsha Shiqing and Sanxingdui Mask The bronze portraits and masks worn by the dancers in the group dance all come from Sanxingdui site.

One thousand years at a time, stunning the world!

/Instant 9/ Sichuan Opera changed its face and turned into a flower.

Absolutely! The Sichuan Opera changed its face by 12 faces, and finally a flower came out! The end of Sichuan Opera’s face-changing is the giant panda!

Young college students are full of energy, performing classical and elegant Sichuan Opera, showing that the ancient and the modern complement each other. This Chinese romance, I love it!

/Instant 10/ Attention! The main torch tower is lit.

The most anticipated ignition link.

Finally!

The main torchbearer is Ye Guangfu.

He is a crew astronaut of Shenzhou 13 manned mission.

Torch hands

There are representatives from the sports world:

Yang Qian, the shooting champion of Tokyo Olympic Games

Rio Olympic table tennis champion Ding Ning

Some were admitted to Peking University this year.

Wenchuan Earthquake "Salute Doll" Lang Zheng

There are also national model workers and representatives of overseas students in Chengdu.

Young people from all over the world gather in Chengdu, which is a grand meeting of friendship!

These youthful faces will leave the brightest smiles in Chengdu!

Forward this historic moment

Chengdu makes dreams come true!

　　Cctv newsOn September 21st, Sanya Tourism, Culture, Radio, Film and Sports Bureau issued the Notice.

　　I. Resume the opening of business scope

　　All tourist attractions in the city (the indoor closed business premises in the scenic spots are temporarily closed).

　　Second, the resumption of production time and procedures

　　From now on, all tourist attractions in the city will apply to the Tourism Bureau of their jurisdiction for opening the park for filing after implementing various epidemic prevention and control measures in the park in strict accordance with the Plan. In accordance with the requirements of "filing one, checking one, passing one and opening one", the Tourism Bureau of each district conducts on-the-spot inspection on the scenic spots that have applied for opening the park, and resumes opening business for those that meet the requirements for opening the park; The tourist attractions that fail to meet the relevant requirements can be opened for business only after they have passed the rectification; If no application for resumption of business is made, it is strictly forbidden to open business privately.

　　Three, strictly implement the epidemic prevention and control and safety requirements.

　　All tourist attractions in the city should formulate work plans and plans for epidemic prevention and control and safety production in light of the actual situation, improve emergency measures, reserve epidemic prevention materials, overhaul facilities and equipment, and implement safety and fire control responsibilities. Standardize the posting of the location code of the park, fully implement the prevention and control measures such as 50% flow restriction, appointment, peak shifting, temperature measurement, employee monitoring ("daily inspection"), code scanning inspection, wearing masks, and one meter line, and do a good job in ventilation and environmental disinfection. At the same time, the announcement information of the resumption of business in the scenic spot was released.

　　Fourth, the admission notice

　　Visitors should pay attention to the announcement of the resumption of business in the scenic spot in advance. When entering the park, they must make an appointment with their real names in advance, wear masks regularly throughout the whole process, cooperate with temperature measurement, sweep the floor or fill in a form to register, and produce a green health code and a 48-hour negative nucleic acid certificate. Those who refuse to cooperate are not allowed to enter the park.

decree of the state council of the people’s republic of china

　

No.577

　

　　Regulations on Natural Disaster Relief, adopted at the 117th executive meeting of the State Council on June 30, 2010, is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of September 1, 2010.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　General manager Wen Jiabao
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 July 8, 2010

Regulations on natural disaster relief

Chapter I General Principles

　

　　the first　 These Regulations are formulated in order to standardize the natural disaster relief work and ensure the basic livelihood of the affected people.

　　the second　Natural disaster relief work follows the principles of people-oriented, government-led, hierarchical management, social mutual assistance and self-help for victims.

　　Article　Natural disaster relief work implements the administrative leadership responsibility system of the people’s governments at all levels.

　　The National Disaster Reduction Committee is responsible for organizing and leading the national natural disaster relief work and coordinating major natural disaster relief activities. The civil affairs department of the State Council is responsible for the national natural disaster relief work and undertakes the specific work of the National Disaster Reduction Committee. The relevant departments of the State Council do a good job in the national natural disaster relief work according to their respective responsibilities.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level or the comprehensive emergency coordination agencies of the people’s governments shall organize and coordinate the natural disaster relief work in their respective administrative areas. The civil affairs departments of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the natural disaster relief work in their respective administrative areas. The relevant departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, do a good job in natural disaster relief in their respective administrative areas.

　　Article 4　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate natural disaster relief into the national economic and social development plan, establish and improve the fund and material guarantee mechanism that is compatible with the needs of natural disaster relief, and incorporate the natural disaster relief funds and natural disaster relief funds arranged by the people’s government into the fiscal budget.

　　Article 5　Villagers’ committees, residents’ committees and social organizations such as the Red Cross, charities and public offering foundations shall assist the people’s governments in carrying out natural disaster relief work according to law.

　　The state encourages and guides units and individuals to participate in activities such as natural disaster relief, donation and voluntary service.

　　Article 6　People’s governments at all levels should strengthen publicity and education on disaster prevention and mitigation, and improve citizens’ awareness of disaster prevention and avoidance and their ability of self-help and mutual assistance.

　　Villagers’ committees, residents’ committees, enterprises and institutions shall, in accordance with the requirements of the local people’s governments and in light of their actual conditions, carry out publicity and popularization activities on emergency knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation.

　　Article 7　Units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to natural disaster relief shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with relevant state regulations.

　

Chapter II Rescue Preparation

　

　　Article 8　The local people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall, according to the relevant laws, regulations and rules, the emergency plans of the people’s governments at higher levels and their relevant departments, and the natural disaster risk investigation in their respective administrative areas, formulate corresponding emergency plans for natural disaster relief.

　　The emergency plan for natural disaster relief shall include the following contents:

　　(a) natural disaster relief emergency organization and command system and its responsibilities;

　　(2) Emergency teams for natural disaster relief;

　　(3) Emergency funds, materials and equipment for natural disaster relief;

　　(4) Early warning and forecasting of natural disasters and reporting and processing of disaster information;

　　(five) the level of emergency response to natural disaster relief and corresponding measures;

　　(6) Measures for post-disaster emergency rescue and residents’ housing restoration and reconstruction.

　　Article 9　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall establish and improve the technical support system for emergency command of natural disaster relief, and provide necessary transportation, communication and other equipment for natural disaster relief work.

　　Article 10　The state establishes a natural disaster relief material reserve system, and the civil affairs department of the State Council shall, jointly with the finance department and the development and reform department of the State Council, formulate a national natural disaster relief material reserve plan and a reserve bank plan, and organize their implementation.

　　The people’s governments at or above the municipal level and the people’s governments at or above the county level in areas prone to natural disasters shall, according to the characteristics of natural disasters, the number and distribution of residents, and in accordance with the principle of reasonable layout and moderate scale, set up a natural disaster relief material reserve.

　　Article 11　The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to the number and distribution of local residents, make use of public facilities such as parks, squares, stadiums, etc., make overall plans to set up emergency shelters, and set up obvious signs.

　　If it is necessary to inform residents to go to the emergency shelter to start the early warning response or emergency response of natural disasters, the local people’s governments at or above the county level or the comprehensive coordination agencies for natural disaster relief and emergency response of the people’s governments shall timely announce the specific address and arrival path of the emergency shelter through radio, television, SMS, electronic display screen and Internet.

　　Article 12　Local people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the team building and professional training of natural disaster relief personnel, and villagers’ committees, residents’ committees and enterprises and institutions shall set up full-time or part-time natural disaster information officers.

　

Chapter III Emergency Relief

　

　　Article 13　The people’s governments at or above the county level or the comprehensive coordination institutions for natural disaster relief and emergency response of the people’s governments shall start the early warning response according to the early warning and forecast of natural disasters and take one or more of the following measures:

　　(a) issued a warning to the society to avoid the risk of natural disasters, to publicize the common sense and skills of avoiding risks, and to remind the public to prepare for self-help and mutual assistance;

　　(2) Open emergency shelters, evacuate and transfer people and property vulnerable to natural disasters, and implement organized evacuation in case of emergency;

　　(three) to strengthen the security of villages, communities and public places vulnerable to natural disasters;

　　(four) instructed the civil affairs departments to make preparations for basic living assistance.

　　Article 14　If a natural disaster occurs and reaches the starting conditions of the emergency plan for natural disaster relief, the people’s government at or above the county level or the comprehensive coordination agency for natural disaster relief emergency of the people’s government shall promptly start the emergency response for natural disaster relief and take one or more of the following measures:

　　(a) immediately release the government response measures and public preventive measures to the society;

　　(two) emergency transfer and resettlement of the affected people;

　　(3) Emergency allocation and transportation of emergency funds and materials for natural disaster relief, timely provision of food, drinking water, clothing, heating, temporary shelter, medical and epidemic prevention and other emergency relief to the affected people, and protection of their basic livelihood;

　　(four) to comfort the victims and deal with the aftermath of the victims;

　　(five) to organize the affected people to carry out self-help and mutual rescue;

　　(six) analysis and evaluation of disaster trends and the needs of disaster areas, and take corresponding natural disaster relief measures;

　　(7) Organizing natural disaster relief and donation activities.

　　For emergency relief materials, the competent transportation departments shall organize priority transportation.

　　Article 15　During the emergency period of natural disaster relief, the local people’s governments at or above the county level or the comprehensive coordination agencies of natural disaster relief and emergency of the people’s governments may urgently requisition materials, equipment, means of transportation and venues within their respective administrative areas, and shall return them in time after the emergency work of natural disaster relief is completed, and make compensation in accordance with relevant state regulations.

　　Article 16　If natural disasters cause casualties or large property losses, the civil affairs department of the people’s government at the county level in the affected area shall immediately report to the people’s government at the same level and the civil affairs department of the people’s government at the next higher level.

　　Natural disasters cause particularly serious or heavy casualties and property losses, and the civil affairs departments of the people’s governments at the county level in the affected areas shall report in a timely manner in accordance with the procedures stipulated in relevant laws, administrative regulations and emergency plans in the State Council, and may directly report to the State Council when necessary.

　　Article 17　Before the disaster is stabilized, the civil affairs departments of the people’s governments in the affected areas shall report daily the casualties, property losses and the dynamics of natural disaster relief work caused by natural disasters, and release them to the public in a timely manner.

　　After the disaster situation is stable, the people’s governments at or above the county level in the affected areas or the comprehensive coordination agencies for natural disaster relief and emergency response of the people’s governments shall assess, verify and publish the natural disaster losses.

　

Chapter IV Post-disaster Relief

　

　　Article 18　The people’s governments in the disaster-stricken areas shall, on the premise of ensuring safety, take a combination of local resettlement and off-site resettlement, government resettlement and self-resettlement, and make transitional resettlement for the affected people.

　　Local resettlement should be in a place with convenient transportation and convenient resumption of production and life, and avoid areas where secondary natural disasters may occur, and try not to occupy or occupy less cultivated land.

　　The people’s governments in the affected areas shall encourage and organize the affected people to help themselves and each other, and restore and rebuild.

　　Article 19　After the danger of natural disasters is eliminated, the people’s governments in the affected areas should make overall research and formulate plans and preferential policies for the restoration and reconstruction of residents’ houses, organize the reconstruction or repair of residents’ houses damaged by disasters, and give key assistance to families with real difficulties in restoration and reconstruction.

　　The restoration and reconstruction of residents’ housing should be adapted to local conditions, economical and practical, and ensure that the quality of housing construction meets the requirements of disaster prevention and mitigation.

　　The civil affairs departments of the people’s governments in the disaster-stricken areas shall issue subsidy funds and materials to the residents’ housing recovery and reconstruction subsidy objects confirmed by the audit, and the housing and urban-rural construction departments shall provide necessary technical support for the reconstruction or repair of residents’ housing damaged by the disaster.

　　Article 20　Residents’ housing restoration and reconstruction subsidies are applied by the affected persons themselves or nominated by villagers’ groups and residents’ groups. After democratic appraisal by villagers’ committees and residents’ committees, those who meet the conditions for assistance shall be publicized in natural villages and communities; If there is no objection or the democratic appraisal objection of villagers’ committees and residents’ committees is not established, the villagers’ committees and residents’ committees will submit the appraisal opinions and relevant materials to the township people’s government and the subdistrict office for examination and approval, and report them to the civil affairs departments of the people’s government at the county level for examination and approval.

　　Article 21　In the winter of the year and the spring of the following year after the occurrence of natural disasters, the people’s governments in the affected areas shall provide basic living assistance for the affected people with difficulties in life.

　　The civil affairs department of the people’s government at the county level in the disaster-stricken areas shall, before the end of October each year, make statistics and assess the basic living difficulties and needs of the victims in their respective administrative areas in the winter of that year and the spring of the following year, verify the relief objects, prepare work ledgers, formulate rescue work plans, organize their implementation after approval by the people’s government at the same level, and report them to the civil affairs department of the people’s government at the next higher level for the record.

　

Chapter V Management of Relief Funds and Articles

　

　　Article 22　The financial departments and civil affairs departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level are responsible for the allocation, management and supervision of the use of natural disaster relief funds.

　　The civil affairs departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level are responsible for allocating, distributing and managing natural disaster relief materials.

　　Article 23　The people’s government purchases goods, projects and services for natural disaster relief preparation and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, and organizes the implementation in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations on government procurement and bidding. Emergency procurement activities involving emergency rescue, emergency relocation and temporary assistance in natural disaster emergency rescue and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction shall be implemented in accordance with relevant state regulations.

　　Article 24　Natural disaster relief funds and materials are used exclusively and free of charge.

　　Directional donations of money and materials shall be used according to the wishes of the donors. Money and materials accepted by government departments without designated intention by donors shall be used for natural disaster relief by the civil affairs departments of people’s governments at or above the county level as a whole; Money and materials accepted by social organizations that donors have no designated intention shall be used for natural disaster relief by social organizations in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　Article 25　Natural disaster relief funds and materials should be used for emergency relocation and resettlement of the affected people, basic living assistance, medical assistance, restoration and reconstruction of public service facilities and houses such as education and medical care, procurement, storage and transportation of natural disaster relief materials, and comfort of relatives of victims of disasters.

　　Article 26　Civil affairs, finance and other departments of the people’s government in the disaster-stricken areas and relevant social organizations shall voluntarily disclose to the public the sources, quantities and usage of the accepted natural disaster relief funds and donations through newspapers, radio, television and Internet.

　　Villagers’ committees and residents’ committees in disaster-stricken areas shall announce the objects of assistance and the amount and use of the money and materials they receive.

　　Article 27　People’s governments at all levels shall establish and improve the supervision and inspection system of natural disaster relief funds and donations, and promptly accept complaints and reports.

　　Article 28　The supervisory organs and auditing organs of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall supervise and inspect the management and use of natural disaster relief funds and donations according to law, and civil affairs, finance and other departments and relevant social organizations shall cooperate.

　

Chapter VI Legal Liability

　

　　Article 29　Any functionary of an administrative organ who, in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, commits any of the following acts shall be punished by the appointment and removal organ or the supervisory organ in accordance with laws and regulations; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　(a) late reporting, false reporting, concealment of natural disaster losses, resulting in consequences;

　　(2) Failing to organize the transfer and resettlement of the affected people in time, or failing to work effectively in the process of providing basic living assistance and organizing recovery and reconstruction, resulting in consequences;

　　(3) withholding, misappropriating or privately dividing natural disaster relief funds or donations;

　　(4) Failing to return the requisitioned property in time, or failing to make compensation in accordance with regulations;

　　(five) there are other acts of abuse of power, dereliction of duty, favoritism.

　　Article 30　Take false reports, concealment, forgery and other means to defraud natural disaster relief funds or donations, and the civil affairs departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall order them to return the illegally obtained funds and materials within a time limit; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 31　Whoever robs or gathers people to plunder natural disaster relief funds or donations shall be ordered by the civil affairs department of the people’s government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act; If it constitutes a violation of public security administration, it shall be punished by the public security organ according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 32　Those who obstruct natural disaster relief workers from performing their duties according to law by violence or threat, which constitutes a violation of public security administration, shall be punished by public security organs according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　

　　Article 33　Accidents, public health incidents, social security incidents and other emergencies need to be carried out by the civil affairs departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level, with reference to these regulations.

　　Article 34　Where there are other provisions in laws and administrative regulations on disaster prevention, resilience and relief, those provisions shall prevail.

　　Article 35　These Regulations shall come into force as of September 1, 2010.

　　A large number of passengers are stranded at the scene: HT

　　Overseas network November 6 th　On November 5th, local time, on the National Highway (NH-44) in India, farmers besieged the Ladhowal toll plaza to protest the new central agricultural law. Truck drivers also joined the protest team, and they parked their cars in the middle of the road. A large number of commuters were stranded at the scene.

　　According to the Hindustan Times reported on November 6, the protest started at noon and lasted until 4 pm, lasting about 4 hours. Dida Singh, chairman of the Ludiana Freight Transport Association, said, "We have always stood on the side of farmers and will continue to support them until the agricultural law is abolished or amended to benefit farmers."

　　Traffic jam map: HT

　　At the same time, many commuters who commute by bus or rickshaw complain about this. They think that protests can’t affect the normal life of ordinary people. The police set up a diversion to cope with the scene, but there was still a long traffic jam in the area. Some commuters walked to the other side of Sutter Lequi Bridge, hoping to leave the scene by another public transport.

　　Peasant protest scene map: HT

　　According to reports, almost no one wore masks at the protest site and kept a safe social distance. Many farmers’ representatives claimed that the government deliberately launched the second wave of Covid-19 to curb farmers’ protests.

　　According to the report, the recent peasant protests in India have also aggravated the tension between industrialists and farmers, because the train suspension has put Ludiana in trouble. "Due to the shortage of raw materials, factories closed and 100,000 workers lost their jobs," said Jin Daer, chairman of the Industry and Trade Forum. "Farmers should March on Delhi. We will support them then. " (Overseas network Yan Pei)

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China established Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era as the guiding ideology that the Communist Party of China (CPC) must adhere to for a long time, profoundly expounded the spiritual essence and rich connotation of this guiding ideology, and established Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era together with Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and the scientific development concept as the action guide of the Chinese Communist Party in Constitution of the Communist Party of China. This is an important historical contribution of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it has realized that the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s guiding ideology keeps pace with the times once again. The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is deeply nourished by Marxist philosophy, which contains the scientific world outlook and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, shines with the brilliance of Marxist philosophy, and is the essence of the spirit of the contemporary China era.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era has always adhered to seeking truth from facts.Seeking truth from facts is the living soul of Marxism and the core of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s ideological line. Seeking truth from facts must proceed from objective reality, which is the concrete embodiment of materialism monism in the process of understanding and the premise and basic viewpoint of materialism. Proceeding from reality, the most important thing is to firmly grasp the biggest reality of contemporary China that "China is still in the primary stage of socialism for a long time" based on the "new historical orientation" that "Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era". Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s entry into a new era, a "new historical orientation", is an era of inheriting the past and carrying forward the future, continuing to win the great victory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics under new historical conditions, winning the battle to build a well-off society in an all-round way, and then building a socialist modern power in an all-round way. It is an era in which people of all ethnic groups in China unite and struggle, constantly create a better life, and gradually realize the common prosperity of all people. It is an era in which all Chinese sons and daughters work together to realize the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation, and it is an era in which China is increasingly. Judging from the new historical orientation, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era with "one change and two unchanged". "a change"That is, the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. "Two things have not changed" means that our judgment on the historical stage of socialism in China has not changed. The basic national conditions of China, which is still in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, and the international status of China as the largest developing country in the world have not changed. The scientific judgment of China’s new historical orientation shows the development of objective process and practice, and constantly realizes the concrete historical unity of subjectivity and objectivity, theory and practice. Marx and Engels said: "The real content of all epoch-making systems was formed due to the needs of the period when this system was produced." The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era has always adhered to the ideological line of seeking truth from facts, closely combined with the conditions and practical requirements of the new era, made great efforts to explore and deepen the understanding of communist party’s ruling law, the law of socialist construction and the law of human social development, and profoundly and systematically answered the important issues of the new era, such as what kind of Socialism with Chinese characteristics to adhere to and develop and how to adhere to and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics, which has distinct characteristics of the times and practicality.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era runs through the scientific methodology.Dialectical materialism is the philosophical basis of Marxist theoretical system and the world outlook and methodology for the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to observe, analyze, study and solve problems. The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era adheres to the problem orientation, and uses scientific thinking methods such as historical thinking, dialectical thinking, systematic thinking, strategic thinking and innovative thinking to profoundly explain the rich connotation, spiritual essence and basic strategy of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, which are summarized by "eight clarifications" and "fourteen persistences" respectively. It profoundly answered a series of basic questions such as the general goal, general task, overall layout, strategic layout and development direction, development mode, development motive force, strategic steps, external conditions and political guarantee of adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and it is of great significance to economy, politics, rule of law, science and technology, culture, people’s livelihood, ecological civilization, national security, national defense and the army, "one country, two systems" and China’s reunification, diplomacy and party building. The "Eight Definitions" and "Fourteen Persistences" elaborated by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era complement each other, insisting on the viewpoint of connection and the viewpoint of development, which is the general viewpoint of materialist dialectics.Look at the problem from a global and far-reaching perspective, grasp the development trend of things as a whole, correctly handle the relationship between the global and the local, grasp the relevance and coordination of the problem, and carry out brand-new thinking and planning for adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, seeking new ideas and opening up a new realm. Clearly adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the overall task is to realize socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. On the basis of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we will build a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power in the middle of this century in two steps, enriching and developing the basic principles of Marxist philosophy that promoting social and historical development should adhere to the dialectical unity of regularity and purpose, respecting objective laws and giving full play to subjective initiative. Using the basic method of materialist dialectics, this paper reveals the inherent regularity of contradictions, adheres to the dialectical unity of "two-point theory" and "emphasis theory", finds out the ways and means to solve contradictions, makes it clear that the main contradiction in our society in the new era is the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development, points out the strategic focus and main attack direction of our party in the coming period, and embodies the methodology of grasping the key, finding the right focus, gaining insight into the development law of things and concentrating on solving the main contradiction. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era also profoundly embodies the basic principles of Marxist philosophy about generality and particularity.Deepen the understanding of communist party’s ruling law, socialist construction law and human social development law with a brand-new vision, and open up a new stage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era has always emphasized "people-centered".Historical materialism is the theoretical cornerstone of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and a powerful ideological weapon for the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to understand and solve social problems and promote social progress. Marx and Engels, on the basis of demonstrating that productive forces determine the relations of production and economic foundation determines the social and historical development law of superstructure, changed their attention to people from abstract symbolic people to the broad masses of workers engaged in material production activities for the first time in human history with a brand-new vision, reversed the history of historical idealism, and formed an important conclusion of correctly understanding the historical position and role of the people, that is, the people are the main body of social history, the creators of social wealth and material wealth, and the decisive force of social change. The Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s initial intention and mission is to seek happiness for the people of China and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This initial intention and mission is the fundamental driving force to inspire the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to keep moving forward. Socialism with Chinese characteristics thought of the supreme leader in the new era clearly "adheres to the people-centered development thought", which requires the whole party to keep in mind why the human problem is the touchstone to test the nature of a political party and a political power, and requires all party comrades to always share the same breath with the people, share the same destiny and be heart-to-heart, and always take the people’s yearning for a better life as the goal of struggle. They must uphold the people’s dominant position, persist in building the party for the public and governing for the people, and practice the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly.We must always put the interests of the people in the supreme position, so that the fruits of reform and development can benefit all the people more fairly, promote the all-round development of people, and make continuous progress towards achieving common prosperity for all the people. Mao Zedong said: "Why is the human problem a fundamental problem, a matter of principle?" "Insisting on the people-centered development thought" clearly answers the fundamental and principled questions of "for whom development depends, for whom development results are shared", profoundly explains that the fundamental purpose of development is for the people, and regards whether people really get benefits, whether people’s lives are really improved and whether people’s rights and interests are truly guaranteed as the fundamental standard to test development achievements, which fully embodies the highest Marxist philosophy that people are both the subject and the purpose of development.

　　(Author: Yang Yun, Professor of Marxism College of Yunnan Agricultural University)

　　On September 26th, the information of the refinancing general bonds (9-11) of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region government was disclosed, and the total amount of the three bonds to be issued was 66.32 billion yuan.

　　It is worth mentioning that of the three bonds issued this time, the use of the funds raised in the ninth phase is clearly defined as "all the debts owed by the government for repayment", and the use of the tenth and eleventh bonds is clearly defined as "all the debts owed by the government for repayment before 2018".

　　Inner Mongolia issued 66.32 billion bonds.

　　Used to repay debts owed to enterprises.

　　On September 26,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region government refinancing general bondsDisclosure of information related to the ninth to eleventh issues. According to the disclosure documents, the total amount of the three bonds to be issued is 66.32 billion yuan. Specifically, the issuance amounts are 27.44 billion yuan, 19.44 billion yuan and 19.44 billion yuan respectively, and the bond maturities are 3 years, 7 years and 5 years respectively.

　　The interest on the bonds shall be paid annually, and the interest shall be paid on October 10th every year (postponed on holidays). The principal of the bonds shall be repaid in one lump sum and the last interest shall be paid. After issuance, it can be circulated in the national inter-bank bond market and the stock exchange bond market according to regulations.

　　According to the information disclosure documents, this round of refinancing general bonds were issued through bidding. On the tender day, the bidding work is organized through the "Government Bond Issuance System of the Ministry of Finance", and the members of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Government Bond Underwriting Group from 2021 to 2023 are eligible to participate in the first issuance bidding.

　　It is worth mentioning that the three issues of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region government refinancing general bonds issued this time,Among them, the purpose of the ninth bond is clearly defined as "all the funds raised will repay the debts owed by the government to the enterprise",The purpose of the tenth and eleventh issues of bonds is clearly defined as "all the raised funds will repay the outstanding corporate accounts recognized by the government before 2018"..

　　In this regard, Feng Lin, a senior analyst of Oriental Jincheng Research and Development Department, said in an interview with national business daily that there may be two meanings here: First, it is the concrete implementation of the Special Action Plan for Clearing Outstanding Enterprise Accounts adopted by the the State Council executive meeting on September 20th. Second, this means that the hidden debts of local governments include not only the financial debts of the city investment platform, but also the accounts owed to enterprises.

　　According to the debt situation of the whole region disclosed by the Finance Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the government debt balance of the whole region in 2022 was 933.97 billion yuan. From the source of funds, 932.88 billion yuan of government bonds were issued, accounting for 99.88%; BT, arrears of project funds and other payables are 149 million yuan, accounting for 0.02%; Other debts such as loans from international economic organizations and foreign governments amounted to 951 million yuan, accounting for 0.10%. Judging from the future repayment, it will be 125.27 billion yuan in 2023 and 808.7 billion yuan in 2024 and beyond.

　　In addition, the Finance Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region disclosed that in terms of local economic conditions, the regional GDP of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2022 was 1,449.15 billion yuan. In terms of fiscal revenue and expenditure, 1-mdash in 2022; In December, the general public budget revenue of the whole region was 282.44 billion yuan, an increase of 47.44 billion yuan or 20.2% over the previous year. The general public budget expenditure in the region was 588.77 billion yuan, an increase of 64.814 billion yuan or 12.4% over the previous year. The revenue of government funds in the whole region was 40.77 billion yuan, a decrease of 9.72 billion yuan or 19.3% over the previous year. The expenditure of government funds in the whole region was 67.85 billion yuan, a decrease of 7.12 billion yuan or 9.5% over the previous year.

　　Conducive to reducing the hidden debt stock.

　　Is the refinancing bond issued by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Government a special refinancing bond? What is the difference between special refinancing bonds and refinancing bonds?

　　Nie Zhuo, a lecturer in the Finance and Taxation Department of university of international business and economics Institute of International Economics and Trade, said that ordinary refinancing bonds and special refinancing bonds are local government bonds that the budget law stipulates that local governments can legally issue within the debt limit approved by the National People’s Congress. The difference between them lies mainly in their different purposes. Ordinary refinancing bonds are used to repay the principal of local government bonds due, andSpecial refinancing bonds are used to repay other debts besides the explicit debts of local governments, including the implicit debts of existing stocks.. Therefore, the refinancing bonds issued by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region government this time belong to special refinancing bonds.

　　Feng Lin also mentioned that special refinancing bonds are refinancing bonds issued by local governments. Different from ordinary refinancing bonds, the funds raised by special refinancing bonds are used to repay the principal of government bonds due, and the funds raised by special refinancing bonds are used to replace local implicit debts.That is, to make hidden debts explicit..

　　"The issuance of ordinary refinancing bonds will not lead to an increase in the balance of explicit debts of local governments, because only the expired explicit debts will be replaced by newly issued refinancing bonds; The issuance of special refinancing bonds will reduce the implicit debt stock and increase the explicit debt balance. " When talking about the difference between the two, Nie Zhuo said.

　　Feng Lin further pointed out that from the past practice, the explicit hidden debt is a debt-dissolving method with less resistance and obvious short-term results. Therefore, after Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party proposed to "formulate and implement a package debt-dissolving scheme" on July 24th, the market generally expected that the special refinancing debt used to replace hidden debt would be re-issued and would become an important measure in the package debt-dissolving scheme.

　　Nie Zhuo said that the issuance of special refinancing bonds has two meanings for resolving local debts. First, special refinancing bonds transform high-interest and opaque implicit debt into low-interest and transparent regulatory debt, which directly reduces the debt risk of local governments. Second, the issuance of special refinancing bonds uses the local government debt limit approved by the National People’s Congress in the past but not used by local governments, which will not break through the current local government debt limit management principle, so the implementation cost is small.

　　When talking about the historical issuance scale of refinancing bonds, Nie Zhuo said that refinancing bonds were first issued in December 2020 when the pilot project to resolve the hidden debt risk of the county was fully launched, and all of them were issued in September 2021, with a total amount of 612.8 billion yuan. Subsequently, a total of 504.18 billion yuan of special refinancing bonds were issued in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong. According to previous market rumors, the planned issuance amount of this round of special refinancing bonds is 1.5 trillion yuan, exceeding the sum of the previous two rounds.

　　What are the main sources of local debt risks?

　　Nie Zhuo pointed out that in the short term, the local government debt risk is mainly manifested as liquidity risk, especially the liquidity risk of the stock implicit debt, including a considerable part of financing platform debt, which is due to be paid.The principal repayment risk of local government’s explicit debt is not serious, but the continuous rise of interest burden is worthy of attention.. At present, the liquidity risk of local government debt is very prominent, which is also related to the substantial increase of local government expenditure responsibility during the epidemic, the financial shortage caused by the economic recovery situation after the epidemic, and the real estate risk has not been completely resolved.

　　"In the long run, the essence of local debt risk is that the transformation of China’s economic development model has not yet been completed, and economic growth still depends on government investment to a considerable extent, and the efficiency of government investment has gradually declined with the completion of a large number of infrastructure construction in the past." Nie Zhuo said that whether the future debt risk can really be continuously resolved depends on whether it can continue to deepen major economic reforms such as market-oriented reform and income distribution reform while improving the local government debt management system, and finally complete the transformation of the economic development model.

　　It is worth noting that the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting held on July 24th pointed out that "it is necessary to effectively prevent and resolve local debt risks and formulate and implement a debt package". Then, what plans can local governments take to prevent and resolve local debt risks?

　　Nie Zhuo said that in the short term, the core of debt conversion is to avoid liquidity risks of local governments. Relevant debt-dissolving measures include negotiating with financial institutions to obtain liquidity support, issuing special refinancing bonds, and disposing of state-owned assets to obtain income to pay off debts. In the medium term, while promoting the further improvement of the economic situation to increase the financial revenue sources of local governments, we can consider restructuring some hidden debts. In the long run, on the one hand, it is necessary to further improve the local government debt management mechanism and establish a clear relationship between the central and local governments to avoid the increase of debt scale; On the other hand, it is also necessary to promote the reform of income distribution and marketization to reduce the dependence of economic growth on government investment.

　　Song Xuetao, chief macro analyst of TF Securities, said in an interview with national business daily that since the meeting of the Political Bureau on July 24th, although local governments have actively promoted the debt-converting work, not many have publicly disclosed the debt-converting plan.

　　Song Xuetao further pointed out that Hunan Province may mainly rely on financial resources to support debt. On August 29th, the executive meeting of Hunan Provincial Government approved in principle the Work Plan for Preventing and Resolving Local Debt Risks in Hunan Province (Draft for Review), but the plan has not been made public at present. However, from the Report on Draft Final Accounts of Hunan Province in 2022 and Budget Implementation in the First Half of 2023, it is mentioned that "encourage and guide financial institutions such as banks ‘ Take his plate instead ’ , continue to cut interest rates, promote the hidden debt chain, optimize the structure, and reduce costs. From the point of view, the interest rate reduction for the extension of the existing hidden debt may be the key debt-turning scheme in Hunan Province this round.

　　Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, in the "Report on the Final Accounts of Xiangtan City at the corresponding level in 2022 (Draft)" also proposed "passing ‘ Silver meets non-silver ’ ‘ Bank encirclement ’ , structural deleveraging, optimizing asset allocation and other measures, and strive to achieve ‘ Medium and long-term bank funds accounted for 90% of the debt, and the interest rate dropped to 4%’ The goal of accelerating the realization of ‘ Interest even ’ The plan to promote the early turning point in the tough battle of debt conversion is also mainly based on the route of financial support for debt conversion. Song Xuetao said: "Considering that the explicit debt space of local governments is limited, it is more difficult to replace a large number of implicit debts with explicit debts in 2015. It is expected that financial resources such as interest rate cuts will play a greater role in this round of debt-converting."

　　Nanning, Guangxi, emphasizes the market-oriented transformation of state-owned enterprises and the revitalization of existing assets to help turn debt into debt. The Work Points of Nanning Finance Bureau in 2023 clearly pointed out that "support the market-oriented transformation of state-owned enterprises and promote the debt resolution of municipal state-owned platform companies. Increase the vitality of the city-level and county (city, district) stock assets, and actively revitalize various assets such as national reserve forests, water conservancy projects, property transfer houses and state-owned agricultural land. "

　　Which related industries will benefit?

　　Song Xuetao said that debt conversion through special refinancing bonds is essentially the same as the replacement bonds launched in 2015, which are all implicit debts. By 2022, the explicit debt ratio of local governments has reached 125%, exceeding the warning line of 100% set by the Ministry of Finance in 2015, and there is not much room for local governments to undertake hidden debts. Therefore, the special refinancing bonds will mainly play an "emergency" role in this round of debt conversion, and it is not expected to "sprinkle pepper noodles".

　　Nie Zhuo also said that special refinancing bonds are conducive to helping areas with high hidden debt risks to reduce the pressure of principal and interest payment.

　　Feng Lin pointed out that the previous market rumors that the issuance amount of this round of special refinancing bonds will be around 1.5 trillion yuan, and the focus will be on 12 high-risk provinces and cities, but Inner Mongolia, which took the lead in issuing special refinancing bonds, is not among these 12 provinces. This means that the provinces involved in this round of special refinancing bonds may be more widely rumored than before.It is expected that the areas with high risk of subsequent debt will also follow up the issuance quickly, and the current issuance quota may also exceed 1.5 trillion yuan.— — Comparing the local government debt balance and debt limit, the upper limit of the scale of issuing special refinancing bonds to replace hidden debts during the year is about 2.6 trillion yuan, of which the general debt limit space is about 1.4 trillion yuan and the special debt limit space is about 1.1 trillion yuan, and the general debt limit can be used more. The special refinancing bonds issued in Inner Mongolia this time are all general debts.

　　Which industries may be greatly affected by the new round of local debt risk resolution? What investment opportunities may appear in the second half of the year?

　　In this regard, Song Xuetao explained that since this round of debt conversion should "prevent debt from being added at the same time", and the creditor should mainly resolve the risk of debt exposure, not eliminate the debt, and the corresponding debt still needs to be repaid by the local government after debt conversion, so the main function of this round of debt conversion will be to slow down the risk, rather than let the local government re-leverage on a large scale. However, in the process of debt conversion, local governments and local urban investment platforms may speed up the repayment of debts owed by enterprises. Therefore, industries that have had more business dealings with local governments in the past and held more accounts receivable from local governments or local urban investment platforms will benefit from this round of debt, such as construction, agriculture, forestry, environmental protection, water affairs, electricity and other industries related to infrastructure or public utilities.

　　Feng Lin said that the issuance of special refinancing bonds in Inner Mongolia means that the market will realize the expected resumption of the issuance of special refinancing bonds, which will slow down the liquidity risk in areas with high debt risk, and may also release the signal that the debt package plan will gradually enter the implementation stage. This is mainly beneficial to the short-term solvency of urban investment enterprises, and its impact on the bond market is also mainly reflected in urban investment bonds. The reason is that the city investment company, as the investment and financing platform of local governments for a long time, is the main debtor of local hidden debts.

　　Feng Lin further pointed out that it can be seen that since Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party put forward a package of debt-conversion schemes, the market’s worries about the default of urban investment bonds have been alleviated. Since August, urban investment bonds have been sought after by investors, with the subscription multiple rising sharply, the yield rate dropping significantly, and the spread greatly reduced. In particular, short-term urban investment bonds in areas with high debt risks and regional spreads have been favored by the market, and the spread narrowed most obviously. "We judge that with the gradual implementation of the debt package represented by the re-issuance of special refinancing bonds, the regions and related entities that benefit from policy support will be focused on by the market, and the enthusiasm for the subscription of urban investment bonds is still expected to continue."

　　Reporter |Songo 　 Intern reporter |Zhang hong

　　Edit |Sun Zhicheng Liao Dan Du Hengfeng

　　Proofread |Wang Yuelong