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　　[concern]

　　From the party program represented by super variety show to the game program represented by Happy Camp; From the educational programs represented by Happy Dictionary to the talent show represented by super girls, China’s TV variety shows have come all the way, and now the reality show is in the absolute majority. In recent years, all kinds of reality shows have appeared in turn, making the audience dazzled by the trend of "dominating the screen". Generally speaking, a reality show refers to a TV program made by ordinary people (non-actors) in a specified situation, in accordance with the predetermined rules of the game, for a clear purpose, and at the same time recorded. Its charm lies in the use of virtual procedures and documentary techniques to show the personality traits or technical talents of participants in a real situation. In the new communication pattern, the competitive pressure inside and outside the industry makes the reality show seek a breakthrough through introducing mode or independent innovation, on the other hand, it also exposes the deviation of some production concept and the emptiness of value core in the process.

　　What is the priority between documentary and drama?

　　In terms of expression, reality show should take objective truth as the first sign. However, in the face of the massive information, rich audio-visual content and high-frequency mobile audience’s reception habits in the Internet ecology, many reality show creators choose to deliberately implant various dramatic bridges in the program to achieve the purpose of attracting attention for a long time. As a result, the reality show with reality as its life is more and more like a film and television drama with fiction as its core, with distinct interpretations of various "roles" and a "plot" structure full of dramatic contradictions and conflict tension, and even at the end of each issue, it shows the suspense and continuity of "If you want to know what will happen next time, listen to the next decomposition". No matter the fierce confrontation caused by "small tasks" and "chasing battles" in Running Man, or the comedy effect brought by participants experiencing different careers in "The Ultimate Challenge"; No matter the contrast of character in the team travel of "Flower Boys" or the strong affection in the intergenerational interaction of "A Whirlwind du tiful son", it is the application of typical dramatic techniques and the implication of dramatic strategies. And "Creative Reality Game Show", "Full Staff Acceleration" and "Historical Experience Reality Show" and "Let’s Go Through" employ professional directors and screenwriters to elaborate "stories".The program flow is integrated into multiple time and space such as history, plot, science fiction and games, and the content and form are similar to those of film and television dramas.

　　This dramatic treatment from the inside out does enhance the appreciation and communication of the program, but for the reality show, is such deliberate subjective intervention somewhat presumptuous or putting the cart before the horse, and will it blur its essential attributes and consume its development potential in the long run? Reality shows do not exclude drama, but we should be alert to the "artificial" drama. High-quality reality shows should subtly hide the dramatic effect in objective documentary images, instead of piling up heavy drama paradigms and situations in advance when planning programs. For example, the most typical narrative mode at present is to assign tasks to each participant or each group in the form of "task cards", in which the links are set for the purpose of causing fierce confrontation, and the turning point strives to achieve the effect of "last-minute rescue". It is true that the aesthetic confluence with film and television dramas may temporarily improve the ratings of reality shows by u sing elements, paragraphs and clues similar to "characters" and "plots", but in the long run, it is likely to overdraw its unique aesthetic personality and eventually make it difficult to become "this one" in the TV variety gallery independently.

　　How to play the "star" card well

　　Nowadays, a large number of reality shows are closely linked with "stars". Due to the lure of sky-high remuneration and ultra-high exposure, many out-of-date actors and popular stars flock to the production of reality shows. Not only do they get another hit during the broadcast of the show, but even their families become popular overnight and their prices soar. It can be said that some reality shows are no longer dream platforms and interactive spaces for ordinary people, but have evolved into vanity fairs that create all kinds of entertainment gossip and lure stars to compete.

　　In July 2015 and March 2016, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television successively issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Reality Show Programs and the Notice on Further Strengthening th e Management of TV Satellite Integrated Channels, demanding that reality show programs "should be abandoned ‘ Watch by star blog ’ Misunderstanding, correct the tendency of relying solely on stars, and not turn the program into a place to fight for stars and show off wealth. ""Strictly control minors’ participation in reality shows, and they are not allowed to publicize and speculate on star children in entertainment reports and other programs. " This has largely curbed the previo us excessive star-studded momentum of such programs. However, the recent reality show has added stars with some whimsy, such as Come Champion, which brings together sports stars, The King of Cross-border Songs, which makes movie stars cross-sing, and Familiar Taste focuses on the growth experience of stars in the name of "food love". In addition, there are also some phenomena that hide people’s eyes and ears in the name of the program. For example, the original "Flower Boys" was renamed as "Flower Boys", and the second season of "Idol Comes" was renamed as "Here We Come". At first glance, it seems to weaken the star effect, but the content is changed, even worse than before.

　　Indeed, "star" is a part of popular culture, and healthy "idolize" is also a normal social phenomenon. As a TV program type covering the whole society, reality show obviously can’t shield the "star" element, but its creators should be cautious in this issue: First, they should not rely too much on stars as the whole point of view of the program, nor should they spend a lot of money to invite so-called "big names" and "big coffees" to encourage the extravagant comparison of program production; Second, we should not limit our vision to performing stars. There are many people from all walks of life who are famous for their honest work. If the star ind ividuals with more diverse identities can be integrated with the program content, it may better highlight the inspirational spirit and the truth, goodness and beauty of human nature. Third, we should devote ourselves to building civilian stars, provide a stage for the millions of ordinary people in Qian Qian to display their talents, and upgrade the quality level with humanistic feelings. After the programs such as The Voice of China, Music Master Class and the legendary swordsman used the mode of "star tutor+common people students", I want to sing with you made some innovative explorations on the interaction between stars and ordinary people. The most touching thing is that ordinar y people uploaded videos that sang with star singers in the same frame through the mobile Internet APP, and the happy scene of "singing by the whole people" in the program had a strong sense of closeness, substitution and resonance for the audience.In a word, the star in the reality show is "use" rather than "body", "technique" rather than "Tao", so we must not give up the basics.

　　How to pay attention to nutrition in entertainment

　　Obviously, the reality show can’t survive without entertainment, but if it stops at entertainment or even "entertainment to death", it will be empty and shallow, and it will inevitably lead to quick birth and quick death. For a TV program, it is really difficult to make the audience really feel "interesting"; It is even more difficult for the audience to realize "meaning" on the basis of feeling "interesting". This requires the responsibility and innovative wisdom of TV people.

　　There are several programs on the screen recently — — CCTV’s Chinese Poetry Conference, Beijing Satellite TV’s Inheritor, and Shanxi Satellite TV’s Wang Zhongwang the Linger are worthy of attention. These programs with the characteristics of typical reality shows may not be as good as some of the cases mentioned above in ratings, and there is still room for improvement in content production and process design, but they have two precious things in common: first, the spiritual core of the programs lies in spreading the essence of national culture, whether poetry, drama or intangible cultural heritage, they are carried forward through the "show" of "real people" competitions; Secondly, although there are stars in several programs, they focus on the cultural accomplishment and artistic quality of stars in many fields. As far as the stars themselves are concerned, they are in a subordinate and auxiliary position, completely serving the meaningful production of the programs.

　　Of course, the "nutrients" and "energy" of reality show are not limited to the traditional cultural dimension, and all the value orientations that inspire and guide people to be upward, kind and beautiful can be taken as the theme connotation of the program. The key is to explore the feasible path of seamless connection between spirit ual cultivation and audio-visual pleasure, that is, the ingenious creativity of entertaining, reasoning and touching the scene. For example, travel reality shows combine the display of exotic customs with the tempering of interpersonal communication; Experience reality show brings life enlightenment through dramatic identity transposition; Competitive reality shows show the courage to challenge and team spirit when showing superb skills; Song and dance reality shows bring audience audio-visual aesthetic enjoyment in tense events. All these show the ingenuity of the main creation and shi ne with the humanistic light of the program. In today’s internet communication environment, the content is varied and the quality is uneven. Some network variety shows do not hesitate to break through the moral bottom line or even the legal b oundary in order to earn eyeballs. At this time, the TV reality show can not only be influenced by it, but also lower the lower quality limit, and guide the viewing taste with sincere and nutritious creativity and production, and optimize the communication ecology.

　　(The author is editor of China Television Arts Committee)

　　Looking for dark matter, machines are better than human eyes. A recent paper published in Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology shows that the deep learning AI framework jointly developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (hereinafter referred to as Berkeley Laboratory) can explore the signs of dark matter in the universe.

　　In recent years, artificial intelligence has been increasingly applied to astronomical research. Deep learning requires massive amounts of data, and astronomy is the field where AI shows its talents. Machines can find a needle for human beings from the vast ocean and capture new stars, new extraterrestrial planets and even dark matter.

　　Recognizing the "gravitational lens", AI has made contributions.

　　Finding "gravitational lens" is the basic method to study the distribution of dark matter. An object with a huge mass will distort the passing light like a lens, and if we find out this distortion, we can capture the non-luminous mass.

　　The paper shows that CosmoGAN, a deep learning AI framework established by Berkeley Lab, can analyze the relationship between gravitational lens and dark matter. It can create high fidelity and weak gravitational lens convergence diagram.

　　Once upon a time, it was troublesome to find the simulation and data processing needed for the "gravitational lens". Twenty scientists spent months looking at only a small space image. Physical simulation takes billions of computing hours and takes up megabytes of disk space.

　　The progress of neural network provides opportunities. The team led by Berkeley Lab introduced a "generative confrontation network (GANs)". Researcher Mustafa said: "There are other deep learning methods that can get convergence graphs from many images, but compared with competitive methods, GANs generates very high-resolution images while still having the high efficiency of neural networks."

　　Now, astronomers can use CosmoGAN to analyze a much larger sky area, and the speed is faster.

　　CosmoGAN is not the only astronomical deep learning neural network that has made progress. For example, the University of Toronto used deep learning technology to analyze satellite images of lunar craters, and the neural network of P8 supercomputer discovered 6,000 new craters in just a few hours, twice the number of craters discovered by humans in the past decades. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign uses deep learning to detect and analyze gravitational waves of black hole collisions. AI blooms everywhere in astronomy.

　　There is too much data to play without a machine.

　　In the past few years, most directions in the field of astronomy have tried to use artificial intelligence. Considering the amount of data that astronomy has to deal with, this is a natural idea. Let the machine practice to analyze clues, otherwise, astronomy in the future will not work.

　　The 2019 GPU Technology Conference held not long ago attracted artificial intelligence scholars all over the world. Brent Robertson, an astronomer from the University of California, Santa Cruz, was invited to give a speech at the conference. He pointed out: "Astronomy is at the cusp of a new data revolution". Robertson believes that the new generation of astronomical instruments must cooperate with the new generation of software driven by deep learning.

　　For example, the large-caliber all-day patrol telescope (LSST) is expected to run in three years. It toured 37 billion galaxies in the southern half of the universe, generating a ten-year uninterrupted video. LSST is equipped with a 3.2 billion pixel camera, which generates 25TB of data every night, which is equivalent to all the data contributed by the advanced astronomical telescope in a lifetime.

　　Another example is the Square Kilometer Array Radio Telescope (SKA). It is spread all over the world, some antennas are deployed in eight countries in southern Africa, and more than one million antennas are located in Australia and New Zealand. Its raw data reaches 5000 PB every day, and there are about 50 PB after processing.

　　"Dark Energy Survey" compiles star maps of hundreds of millions of galaxies; "Gaia" satellite surveying and mapping stars with galactic coefficient of one billion; The "Zwicky" project can scan 3,750 square degrees of sky every hour. In China, the daily data volume of FAST will reach 150TB；; Guo Shoujing telescope has observed 9.01 million spectra, which is the largest celestial spectrum library in the world … …

　　Capture patterns that humans can’t see.

　　There are more and more data, and scientists try to aggregate them. However, at the GPU conference, Robertson said that in the future, several large astronomical telescopes will produce a large amount of data together, which is too complicated for human beings to directly use after aggregation. Scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, tried to solve this problem. Morpheus deep learning framework created by a doctoral student in computer science department can classify celestial bodies pixel by pixel based on the original data of telescope.

　　Scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, also use AI to better study the formation of galaxies. In a study published in early 2019, scientists trained computers with computer-simulated galaxies to learn three key stages of galaxy evolution. Later, computer analysis of galaxy images from the Hubble Space Telescope performed surprisingly well.

　　Artificial intelligence is applied to face recognition. After training with massive data, you can recognize this person’s makeup and old age according to a photo. And many images in the universe can be classified in the same way.

　　"Deep learning can look for patterns, and machines can see very complicated patterns that humans can’t see." David Ku, a scientist involved in the research, said, "We hope to further test this method. In the proof-of-concept study, the machine seems to have successfully found the different stages of galaxy evolution determined in the simulation in the data. "

　　Help astronomers find another solar system

　　A report at the end of 2018 showed that Google artificial intelligence made efforts to find new planets from Kepler’s exoplanet observation database. Planets are hard to find. Kepler satellite in space observes 145,000 sun-like stars, and finds planets from the faint changes of star brightness. The data recorded for four years includes about 35,000 suspected planetary records. Astronomers use machines combined with human eyes to identify, but the darkest and weakest signals are often ignored.

　　With the help of Google AI, we discovered two new planets, Kepler 90i and Kepler 80g. Kepler 90 was also recognized as the first exogalaxy with at least eight planets.

　　Neural network and machine learning processed 14 billion data points, and then successfully screened out candidates.

　　NASA and Google say that new technologies will find more exoplanets in the future. NASA also said that there is no need to worry about astronomers losing their jobs. Jesse Dotson, a scientist at NASA, explained that astronomers need to classify data before they are provided to neural networks, so that artificial intelligence can learn and analyze new information from them.

　　Dotson said: "AI will definitely work with astronomers in the future and become an indispensable tool."

　　Of course, machine learning also brings the risk of "black box": we get the answer, but we don’t know why the machine makes such a judgment, and maybe the answer is wrong. Machines make mistakes. Astronomers will continue to train and adapt to it.

　　Extended reading

　　Expert comments

　　Deep learning does not have "physical intuition"

　　Indeed, artificial intelligence has now penetrated into all branches of astronomy and astrophysics. At present, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the United States can quickly judge the basic cosmological constants such as dark matter and dark energy according to the three-dimensional density distribution of the universe by using deep learning. They found that after applying artificial intelligence, the statistical error is much smaller than that of the traditional statistical methods. In addition, we also use deep learning to search for hydrogen and carbon elements in the early universe in the spectrum with extremely low signal-to-noise ratio, and find that it is better than the traditional method.

　　At the same time, astronomers are also applying deep learning to help us judge the three-dimensional position and distance of celestial bodies, and then outline the large-scale structure of three-dimensional space. It is found that deep learning may be stronger than the traditional methods we used before in mining data and information. Artificial intelligence has also been applied to the field of detecting exoplanets by Google, and several exoplanets … … It can be said that artificial intelligence is now widely used in the frontier field of astrophysics.

　　But from the physicist’s point of view, artificial intelligence based on deep learning may also have its limitations. This limitation is that it can only play a role in a specific field that has been very clearly defined based on data. Only under the guidance of physicists, we can make the error bar of statistics smaller and estimate a certain quantity more accurately, but at present we can’t guide us to discover the new physical laws behind the data. Nor does it have a "physical intuition" based on beauty, symmetry and simplicity that is unique to humans.

　　To give a simple example, for example, Kepler’s observation data based on Tycho can find Kepler’s third law, and even the best machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms at present may be difficult to repeat this discovery based on the same data.

　　Therefore, I think that the essence of the application of deep learning in astronomy is still limited to doing better statistics and fitting.

　　(Professor Cai Wei, Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University)

Recreational activities can clearly show the changes of Beijing people’s life.

Entertainment activities that have been popular for a hundred years, such as going to the theatre, eating banquets, listening to books, watching Chinese horse races, listening to singers or enjoying acrobatics, still occupy a significant position.

However, there have been some new changes: new dramas have appeared, storytellers have begun to talk about some educational stories in addition to old stories, and some new entertainments have appeared in the Republic of China, such as swimming, billiards, movies and park leisure.

In the Republic of China, storytelling was still an ancient form of entertainment widely circulated in Beijing, which was loved by rickshaw pullers in alley teahouses, children in hutongs, crowds at temple fairs, and all kinds of people in the streets or private parties.

There are many teahouses in Beijing with more than 100 seats, which are specially used as storytelling venues. The price of each seat is 2 coppers, and 20%-40% of the profits go to the teahouse owner.

One of the most famous storytellers at that time was Shuang Bing. It is said that he earned 1000 coppers a day.

At that time, there was also a social education department called the Popular Science Department in the Academic Affairs Bureau, which often sent special personnel to keep in touch with storytellers and help them modify the script content.

The popular science department will also help storytellers to set up guilds, with the aim of improving traditional jokes and enriching new materials. The guild headquarters is located in the first specialized school in the north of Xisipailou.

In order to maintain the quality and level of storytellers’ work, guilds often send investigators and secretaries to the scene to attend.

teahouse

During the Republic of China, horse racing in Beijing was often regarded as too dull by foreign people.

Horse racing is often held in temple fairs, such as the annual horse racing in the open space of Baiyun Temple in the West Wall.

The racetrack is about 300 yards long and 25 yards wide, and there are awnings on both sides where the audience can sit. When watching, the audience can drink tea and eat melon seeds.

Horse racing is sometimes held in the entertainment center in the south of the city, and the venue is located outside the Xiannongtan.

Compared with Chinese horse racing, western horse racing is held in the racecourse in the western suburbs of Beijing every spring and autumn.

The race is hosted by foreigners, and all the participants are foreigners’ horses, and most of the knights are foreigners, while the audience is mostly from China.

In addition, people in China at that time liked to watch polo matches held by foreigners in the warning zone near the embassy district.

Since 1905, some western-style entertainment activities have entered Beijing, and have shown a substantial growth. Among them, the activities and places that attract more attention are billiards hall, cinema, park, entertainment center and modern sports activities.

horse race

Before 1908, there was no billiards in Beijing. By the 1920s, there were 17 billiard halls and 79 tables in Beijing.

Billiards halls are mostly located in Nancheng, and the business hours are about 10 am to midnight, and some even go to 2 am.

Most guests visit in the early hours of the morning. The unified charging standard for billiards is 20 points per game. Every table in the biggest billiard hall in Beijing can be credited to 20 yuan every day.

At that time, the most popular places were Huixian in Dong ‘an Market and Zhongxing Billiards Hall in Nancheng.

Billiards hall is a new entertainment, and it was not until 1918 that there was a guild.

Since the establishment of the association, the past price fluctuation is no longer the case. Since then, the price has been standardized, and there are no more coupons, and no more cigarettes and alcohol are given to customers. Shops who don’t comply will be fined.

The first cinema in Beijing opened in about 1909 and was immediately welcomed by the people.

In the 1920s, the number of seats in cinemas in Beijing could reach 3,000. At that time, all the films released were shot by western countries, and most of them were western themes, only a few of them had Chinese subtitles.

There were six theaters in Beijing at that time. The most luxurious one is the Ping ‘an Cinema on East Chang ‘an Avenue, which is opened by the British and serves foreigners.

The opening hours are from 9: 15 to early morning every night, and on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons. Admission fee is 60 cents to 1.5 yuan. It can accommodate about 200 people.

Daguanlou is located in Dashilan, the largest commercial street in Nancheng. Hua ‘an Cinema is located in the Stargazing Garden outside Hademen.

Movies are also shown in the amusement park of Xiannongtan in Nancheng and the New World. The amusement park is shown in the open air, and the New World is on the roof platform. The expenses for watching movies and all entertainment of these two houses are included in the tickets. The YMCA also has movies every Thursday.

theatre

All cinemas in Beijing must have a business license issued by the police station, and they have to pay 60 yuan tax and 30 yuan public security service fee every month.

At that time, foreigners’ feelings about Beijing cinemas were mostly that only poor films were shown, which were neither true nor pleasing in the United States or Europe. Few cinemas show educational films.

In the 1920s, the American Community Film Service, in cooperation with the YMCA, launched a campaign to widely publicize educational films in northern China. These films truly reflect China’s own social problems.

Zhang Xianwen and Zhang Yufa: Special History of the Republic of China (Volume 8)

Editor: Huang Yong

The upstream article only represents the author’s own point of view, not the upstream position, and the author is responsible for it. If you have any questions about the content and copyright of the article, please contact the upstream news.
Contact email: syh@cqcb.com.

　　The second stand

　　Many people find that after a few days of use, the mobile phone battery charges faster and faster, but the standby time is getting shorter and shorter. In order to make their mobile phone batteries more durable, many people choose to turn to the internet and follow the tips on how to extend the battery life. But you know what? Many online charging methods are wrong, and you have been cheated for so many years.

　　Should the battery be completely exhausted before charging?

　　No way! "Deep discharge" will damage the battery.

　　There used to be a saying that the battery has a memory function, and you must wait until the battery of the mobile phone is completely exhausted before charging it to 100%, otherwise the battery will "remember" the proportion that needs to be charged, so that it needs to be charged before the battery is used up, and the charging will not be full.

　　"Now smartphones use lithium-ion batteries, and the technology and structure of lithium batteries have undergone tremendous changes. It is wrong to recharge the mobile phone battery after it is completely exhausted." Wang Yonggang, a leading enterprise of new energy power battery and an R&D engineer of Tianneng lithium battery, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the so-called "deep discharge" when the battery is completely exhausted may have an irreversible impact on the internal material structure of the battery and shorten the battery life.

　　When charging, positive lithium ions "jump" into the electrolyte from the positive electrode, "climb" through the winding holes in the diaphragm, "swim" to the negative electrode, and combine with the electrons running from the positive electrode early; The opposite is true when discharging. Dr. Zhang Hua, who graduated from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles, made an analogy: whether discharging or charging, lithium ions have to get away from the original structure, which is a bit like carrying a bunch of things from one room to another. Therefore, the understanding of battery life should be based on the understanding of battery structure.

　　That is to say, in the process of charging and discharging, the less lithium ions participate in the movement every time, the less damage to the structure; The slower the lithium ion running every time, the less damage to the structure. If the lithium ion runs almost, it is necessary to "deeply discharge" and continue to extract lithium ion from it, which will damage the battery.

　　Do you want to end charging immediately when the battery is full?

　　No need! Batteries have "overcharge protection"

　　When charging a mobile phone, Netcom should immediately stop charging when the battery is charged to 100%, otherwise it will damage the battery life.

　　In this regard, Wang Yonggang said, don’t worry too much. Lithium batteries are generally equipped with "overcharge protection". When the battery is almost full, it will automatically switch to trickle charging, that is, the charging is very slow and the current is very small. When the battery is fully charged, it will automatically cut off the power and will not continue to overcharge, so it will not have much impact if it is rushed to 100% at one time.

　　Many people like to charge their mobile phones overnight before going to bed. In this regard, Wang Yonggang said that turning on their mobile phones at night will also cause power loss, and how much power is consumed, the charger will continue to charge the mobile phones with small current. "But such a long cycle will have a certain impact on battery life."

　　Will sporadic charging damage the battery?

　　Wrong! "Shallow charge and shallow discharge" is good for batteries.

　　"Generally, the life of a lithium-ion battery can reach hundreds of charge and discharge cycles. The charge and discharge cycle here refers to the process of using up the electricity and then recharging it, rather than plugging the battery into a charger and then unplugging it once." Wang Yonggang said that "shallow charging and shallow discharging" of lithium-ion batteries, that is, sporadic charging, has little influence on the structure of anode and cathode materials, but will not affect the service life. "So, we usually emphasize that the charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries should be shallow, and don’t challenge the ‘ Limit ’ 。” Zhang Hua said.

　　Related links

　　These practices also affect battery life.

　　Charging different models of mobile phones with non-original charger has its own matching charger. Using non-original charger may have an irreversible impact on battery performance due to the large current of the charger used.

　　Making phone calls, playing games and watching videos while charging are all high current consumption. The current provided by the charger is less than the current consumed by the mobile phone, so it is necessary to output current from the battery while using the mobile phone while charging. That is to say, at this time, the battery is not charging, but discharging, and even the battery capacity will be "exhausted" quickly. The life of lithium battery is closely related to the number of charge and discharge cycles. When using the mobile phone while charging, the battery will switch between charge and discharge rapidly, which will affect the service life of the battery.

　　When the mobile phone is placed in a high and low temperature environment, due to the instability of the electrodes in the electrolyte, the two electrodes of the battery will react chemically every time they are charged and discharged, and then the active substances will be consumed, and the chemical energy converted into electric energy will be reduced, and the battery capacity will be reduced. If the ambient temperature is too high, it will accelerate the chemical reaction and "self-discharge" of the battery and reduce the battery capacity; The low temperature below zero will also have a negative impact on the battery structure, even permanent damage.

　　Beijing, June 15 (Reporter Shangguan Yun) "Has the craze for science fiction literature come?" In fact, I am not so optimistic. " Recently, Chen Qiufan, a science fiction writer, put forward the above views when interviewed by a reporter from Zhongxin.com (WeChat WeChat official account: cns2012).

　　Not long ago, his short story "Fear Machine" was shortlisted for the 10th Global Chinese Science Fiction Xingyun Award, along with works by writers such as Liu Cixin and Liang Qingsan.

　　Love reading science fiction has been rejected.

　　Like science fiction, Chen Qiufan has been interested since he was a child.

　　"I read science fiction when I was in kindergarten, but I can only read simple plots, and some contents are not very understandable." He remembers reading a series of classic works by Verne and Wells, which "felt like entering a particularly magical world".

　　When he was in junior high school, he tried to write some science fiction novels and then contributed them everywhere. At the age of 15, he sent the novel Bait to the competition and won the prize successfully. When the certificate was sent to the school, it was handed over by the class teacher. Chen Qiufan still remembers the students’ surprise at that time.

　　However, his writing career didn’t start there: after winning the prize, another novel was rejected, which made Chen Qiufan feel somewhat depressed. In addition, to prepare for the college entrance examination, in about two years, he pressed the "pause button" of writing.

　　"I tried to pick up my writing after I was admitted to Peking University. At that time, I took the path of pure literature. " But write to write, those articles can’t satisfy Chen Qiufan, "always feel not attractive enough. So I changed it to writing science fiction. "

　　Since then, he has published sci-fi works such as Fish in Lijiang and Year of the Rat, and won the Global Chinese Science Fiction Nebula for nine times. The Ghost Trio has also been included in the sci-fi anthology "Future People Don’t Exist".

　　It is not easy to add "hard science fiction" elements to novels.

　　Talking about his own creation, Chen Qiufan thinks that the more difficult thing is the combination with scientific and technological elements, that is, the "hard science fiction" elements that people often say.

　　"Not as long as ‘ Have a brain hole ’ You will be able to write good science fiction. " Chen Qiufan explained that when writing, science fiction writers also need to know the most advanced science and technology and scientific facts, and the novels will look better.

　　He feels that if there is an opportunity, science fiction writers can communicate with scientists who work in the front line. "Scientists know the most cutting-edge technology, and writers have a big brain hole. If the two are combined, there may be good results."

　　However, sometimes, some misunderstandings will make Chen Qiufan feel a little helpless. He said that some readers will confuse science fiction with popular science works to varying degrees. "The latter should be particularly accurate about all kinds of knowledge and not allow fiction; The former is still full of literary color, and the two are not the same. "

　　"The fields involved in science fiction literature are not narrow, not just aerospace, space and so on." Chen Qiufan said that it also includes anthropology, ethics and other disciplines. "For example, in The Wandering Earth, when people discuss whether it is feasible to put an engine on the earth, they also think about ecological environment protection and human ethics.".

　　Science fiction literature craze has come? may not

　　After writing science fiction for many years, Chen Qiufan has a deep understanding of the "minority" situation of this literary type: the number of writers is relatively small, and the audience is also small.

　　However, with Liu Cixin winning the Hugo Award in 2015 and the sci-fi movie The Wandering Earth showing in early 2019, this situation seems to be slowly changing. Especially after the The Wandering Earth fire, many people think that "science fiction literature fever" has come.

　　"It seems that science fiction has become a slogan, capital, IP… … A lot of people poured in at once. The film has a relatively wide audience, and The Wandering Earth’s popularity has indeed opened up a more popular market. " Chen Qiufan does not deny that people’s attention to science fiction literature has increased, but he thinks this is not enough to be blindly optimistic.

　　He gave a good reason: "The well-known sci-fi writers such as Hao Jingfang and Liu Cixin won the grand prize, and more people don’t know much about writers like me and Han Song;" There are still few publishing channels for young writers’ works in the traditional sense, and it is difficult to get ahead. "

　　"For example, Mo Yan’s teacher won Nobel Prize in Literature, and his novels are very popular, but the sales of other pure literature writers are good? No. " Chen Qiufan said that at present, the situation of science fiction literature is similar, and the publishing market only prefers great writers who can guarantee a certain sales volume, "said ‘ Science fiction literature craze ’ Come, in fact, not necessarily. "

　　At the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Public Security deployed public security organs across the country to further crack down on illegal gambling activities, demanding that we should fight early, fight small, and fight constantly.

　　However, in some areas, driven by high profits, some lawless elements secretly gamble on their own under the guise of game machines. Due to the lack of sufficient discrimination against gambling, many game participants unconsciously fall into it.

　　So, as an ordinary consumer, how to distinguish between gambling machines and game machines? What are the social hazards of gambling game halls hidden in back streets and alleys? Recently, a reporter from the Legal Daily conducted an interview.

　　□ Our reporter Zhan Haifeng

　　Our correspondent Jia Weimin

　　Recently, in the corner of the garbage power plant in Fuling District, Chongqing, under the witness of dozens of people, more than 140 "game machines" were smashed and smashed.

　　These seemingly ordinary game machines actually have gambling functions similar to those of various gambling machines such as "turning machines" and "slot machines".

　　Carry out a full chain attack on gambling crimes

　　At about 3: 00 pm on June 5, less than an hour after receiving the report from the masses, Fuling police thundered and investigated a den suspected of using gambling game machines to carry out illegal and criminal activities in a back street and alley in the jurisdiction, arrested 8 gambling participants, provided 3 gambling conditions, confiscated 8 gambling machines, and gambled more than 1,000 yuan. The police imposed public security penalties on those involved in the case according to law.

　　Fuling District, located in the middle of Chongqing, has jurisdiction over 27 towns and streets, and is a typical mountainous county. With the help of the special geographical environment, the practitioners of gambling game machines are lucky enough to deal with the public security organs, showing the characteristics of employees breaking up into parts to escape the blow and gambling places of gambling game machines being scattered and hidden. Fuling police found in their work that the illegal activities of gambling game machines are low in cost and considerable in income, and many offenders still take risks despite being arrested many times.

　　The police realized that if they want to eradicate the gambling game machine soil, they must give a full chain blow to the gambling "interest chain" — — From the producers and sellers of gambling game machines to those who provide gambling venues for gambling game machine operators, employees and "gamblers", we must dig deep into the source, crack down on it according to law, and pursue it to the end.

　　In a case announced by Fuling police, Qiu Mou, a criminal suspect suspected of opening a casino, Chen Mou, who sells machines, Mei Mou, a waiter in charge of collecting fees and distributing points for "guests" in the casino, and Qin Mou, a gambler, were all dealt with by the police according to law. Afterwards, the police also dug up a den for refitting and producing gambling machines, and destroyed a gambling machine manufacturer, sales system and gambling gang in one fell swoop, completely destroying a gambling machine industry chain.

　　After the gambling machine was destroyed on the same day, Wang Duo, deputy detachment leader of Public Security Detachment of Fuling District Public Security Bureau, told reporters that this move strongly conveyed the firm determination of the police to eradicate the cancer of gambling game machines.

　　By playing early and playing small, the spread of gambling game machines was quickly curbed, and the motivation of the masses to report was also enhanced. According to statistics, more than 80% of the illegal and criminal activities of gambling game machines investigated and dealt with by Fuling police were reported by the masses, and more than 95% of them were investigated and dealt with shortly after the opening of casinos.

　　Tampering with machine programs or committing fraud.

　　What is the essential difference between gambling game machines and ordinary entertainment game machines? What crimes may be involved in opening a casino with a gambling machine for profit? The reporter interviewed Fuling police and experts and scholars in criminal law for this purpose.

　　On the identification object and principle, Wang Duo said that electronic game machines set in entertainment places for others’ entertainment are the identification objects of gambling game machines. There are three principles for identification: the electronic game machines allowed to enter the market in the Catalogue of Market Access Models for Game Amusement Machines by the Ministry of Culture, and the electronic game machine "Zhongfu Online" allowed to gamble are generally not identified as "having gambling function"; Electronic game machines that have not been admitted by the cultural department or have been included in the Guidance Catalogue of Electronic Game Machines with Gambling Function by the public security department are generally recognized as "having gambling function"; Access models or "Zhongfu Online" electronic game machines are used by units or individuals for gambling or gambling operations to realize gambling, and are recognized as "having gambling function".

　　For gambling crimes involving slot machines and fishing machines, in 2014, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Casinos with Gambling Machines (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which stipulates that if it is difficult to determine whether it is a gambling machine, the judicial organ may entrust the public security organ at or above the prefecture level to issue an inspection report; The judicial organ shall make a determination according to the inspection report and the specific circumstances of the case; When necessary, the people’s court may notify the inspectors to appear in court to explain. At the same time, Article 1 of the Opinions stipulates that setting up electronic game facilities and equipment with gambling functions such as returning coins, points and steel balls, and taking valuables such as cash and securities as prizes, or giving others valuables such as cash and securities to organize gambling activities in the form of repurchasing prizes, shall be deemed as "opening a casino" as stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 303 of the Criminal Law.

　　Ding Shengming, an associate professor of criminal law at Southwest University of Political Science and Law, believes that game machines and gambling machines are not exclusive, and gambling machines are conceptually a kind of game machines. As for the question of which game machines constitute gambling machines, referring to the normative documents in some areas, it can be generally considered that game machines that meet one of the following conditions should be regarded as gambling machines: those with the functions of withdrawing points, gaining points and adding points; Having the function of returning money, or having the functions of recharging, rebate, rebate, etc. with the same nature as returning money; Having the function of withdrawing steel balls; Having the function of selecting odds and making big bets with small odds.

　　Ding Shengming said that according to the Opinions and the relevant provisions of China’s Public Security Administration Punishment Law, the act of setting up game equipment such as slot machines and fishing machines belongs to the act of "opening a casino". If the circumstances are minor, it can be punished according to the Public Security Administration Punishment Law. If the circumstances are serious, it constitutes the crime of opening a casino.

　　Gong Jie, a teacher of chongqing technology and business university Law School, believes that the criminalization of gambling in China’s criminal law is not a one-size-fits-all model, but selective, and not all types of gambling are completely criminalized, which can be confirmed from the legislative provisions. Specifically, China’s criminal law only stipulates that gambling in groups or gambling as a profession for the purpose of making profits constitutes a gambling crime. In addition, it is stipulated that opening a casino constitutes the crime of opening a casino.

　　"It can be said that the criminal legislation of gambling crimes in China mainly targets the organizers of gambling activities, gamblers who open casinos and people who gamble." Gong Jie said.

　　In addition, Ding Shengming introduced that although the current normative documents identify the crimes related to setting up slot machines and fishing machines as the crime of opening casinos, in fact, the relevant criminals have basically tampered with the procedures of these machines and can artificially set the winning rate. Criminals often set the winning rate to be very high at first, so that guests can taste the sweetness and invest more chips, and then gradually increase the difficulty and reduce the winning rate, thus obtaining high profits.

　　"Gambling is essentially a random probability event. It is an event that can improve the winning rate through skills, but it cannot be manipulated. From this point of view, setting up slot machines and fishing machines that have tampered with the program is more in line with the characteristics of fraud. " Ding Sheng said.

　　The complexity of gambling machine identification affects law enforcement

　　Talking about the harm of gambling to individuals and society, Lin Mao, a lecturer of Jiangnan University Law School who studies sociology of law, believes that from the perspective of micro-individual development, gambling is a manifestation of individual’s deviation from self and social understanding. Gambling machine addicts, mainly young people, pin their lives on virtual games and try to realize the value of life through the profit of virtual games, which seriously damages individual mental health. The obstacle of interaction between individuals and real people in real life caused by online virtual interaction has become a common problem in the era of Internet machines. In addition, gambling itself destroys people’s willpower, and online gambling machines do endless harm to individuals and society. Gambling machine players are addicted to the game for a long time and ignore the interaction and communication with the people around them in the real world. In the face of the personal safety danger brought by gambling, they lack sufficient self-protection and social and family support, and lose their basic emotional ties. Such individuals are prone to extreme behavior when facing debts caused by gambling, which leads to social problems such as deviance and anomie, and undermines social stability and harmony.

　　Regarding the problems existing in law enforcement and judicature in cracking down on gambling, Gong Jie believes that the discussion on this issue in relevant theoretical research needs to be further deepened, providing necessary theoretical support for legislation, justice and law enforcement by public security organs. Ding Shengming also admitted that in the current judicial practice, gambling machine criminal gangs often do not adopt centralized delivery, but decentralized delivery and unattended. As a result, it is difficult for law enforcement agencies to investigate and deal with it, and most of them are subject to administrative punishment according to the Public Security Administration Punishment Law. In addition, due to the absence of detailed rules, the identification standards of gambling machines are complex and lack of clear operational standards, which also affects law enforcement activities to some extent.

　　"Therefore, law enforcement agencies should focus on cracking down on areas with high incidence of gambling machine crimes, especially focusing on destroying criminal gangs behind gambling machines. At the same time, relevant departments should formulate clear and detailed rules, such as stipulating the identification standards of gambling machines through normative documents, so that the law enforcement activities of law enforcement agencies can be based on evidence. " Ding Shengming said.

　　In this regard, Gong Jie also has similar views. He said that joint law enforcement should be organized to strengthen comprehensive management. The departments of industry and commerce, culture and public security should take the form of joint law enforcement, organize special inspections of gambling places where gambling machines may exist, such as game halls, teahouses and street shops, and intensify inspections. Investigate and deal with unlicensed operations, illegal operations, placing gambling machines, etc. in strict accordance with the law, focusing on investigating and dealing with possible darkrooms in game rooms and gambling game machines that may have switching functions.

　　In addition, Ding Shengming also suggested that relevant departments should strengthen legal education, so that ordinary people can realize the nature and harm of gambling machines, and realize that gambling machines are not ordinary game machines but a gambling trap, thus cutting off the breeding ground of gambling machine crimes at the root of consumption.

1905 movie network news The fantasy action adventure film directed by a series of directors and supervised by the producer is being shown in the country, with a cumulative box office of 756 million. With the fermentation of the film’s good reputation and the heated discussion on the hidden details, it has become a craze for the audience to brush the film twice, three times or even n times.

Many viewers chose IMAX version in the second brush, which better felt the visual feast of blood and light in the different world and the auditory impact called "intracranial massage". Under the blessing of the big screen and the immersive sound system, the audience shared, "IMAX 3D version is completely the feeling of exploding the audience. The modeling and scenes are spectacular, and the sound effects are superb. It is simply a great value to enjoy such an audio-visual feast."

9 brush audience certification, IMAX version of excellent audio-visual

Netizen: Various sound effects are simply the gospel of sound control.

The excellent audio-visual effect praised as "domestic ceiling" in the film attracts the audience to enter the cinema again and again, and the sound effects with great sense of design and penetration have also become the focus of audience discussion. The sound effect of wiping the knife with empty words by teenagers and wielding the knife when Black Armor fights the mob are all called "voice-controlled gospel" by netizens, and they said excitedly, "No one can refuse such a sound, and I am willing to watch the movie ten times for this sound effect."

Not only that, but the drums when Kongwen entered the Red-haired Ghost Palace were also impressive. "I can feel that people around me dare not breathe, and I was completely brought into the movie by that voice." And a netizen who has brushed 5 in various cinemas will get a better audio-visual experience in IMAX cinemas. "It will be more obvious for Lu Kongwen to hear the looming" Song of Little Oranges "in the field. A 9-brush audience also excitedly said that" IMAX effect is really different! Be sure to see IMAX! " .

"Two faces" is full of surprises

Audience comment: Please ask Dong Zijian to film every day for 365 days.

In the film, Dong Zijian plays the novelist Lu Kongwen and the juvenile Kongwen. Faced with the role challenge of one article and one martial art, Dong Zijian also handed over the answer sheet that satisfied the audience. "The subtle similarities and differences in the characteristics of the two roles are vividly displayed, and the acting skills are so good that Dong Zijian is invited to film every day for 365 days." There is also the audience’s subtle observation, and they feel the acting skills from their eyes. "Dong Zijian’s pure, angry and resentful eyes make the role full, and hit the floor".

In addition, the novelist’s strong sense of belief also deeply touched the audience. "Dong Zijian brought the seemingly decadent novelist who is actually strong in heart to life", "Seeing him stubbornly say,’ No matter what others say, I believe I can do it’, I feel my eyes are wet".

Han Songluo’s new collection of short stories, Love Story in Late Spring, was recently published by People’s Literature Publishing House. With his unique brush strokes of the northwest earth, he observed and recorded his own stories of the times coldly and delicately. Among them, Fish Tank and Xiaguang won the first place in the novella list of Harvest in 2023, and My Father’s House of Fantasies won the fourth place in the novella list of Harvest in 2021.

"Han Songluo" is a pseudonym, and the word "Songluo" comes from the preface of Pu Songling’s Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio: "Songluo is the fire of autumn fireflies, and the charm wins glory; Drive away the dust of wild horses, and laugh at them. " For Han Songluo, writing is like chatting under the lamp, which can gather many people.

Born in Xinjiang and living in Gansu, he has spent more than 40 years in northwest China, adding new content to northwest writing by his own way of not sticking to traditional writing techniques and narrative skills.

According to Zhang Yiwei, an associate professor and writer in the Chinese Department of Fudan University, Han Songluo’s novels are "westerns" of China’s contemporary literature. Zhang Li, a well-known critic and professor at the College of Literature of Beijing Normal University, also said that Han Songluo’s words are full of fantasy and a deep sense of reality, with a distant, wild and chilly wind. He is an unforgettable writer who brings new temperament. Perhaps it is precisely because of his delicate and never lazy perception of the northwest land and everything around him, spying, thinking and writing that his words and works were cast.

The six short stories in Love Story in Late Spring all revolve around "running away". Without exception, they all run away, looking for themselves or the future, or a running-away ceremony that has no purpose, no end and no answer, but must be completed.

In "The Fish Tank and the Sunlight", he took Li Zhiliang’s "running away" as the anchor point and began to exert his strength and spread outward: the boredom of adolescence and the dialogue between psychologists … … Finally, the ultimate fate of all people is to run away. The destination of running away is not to be prosperous or urban, but to be wild, crazy and a long road with no return.

"Love Song for Remy Young" describes the musical memory of a generation in the 1990s, the teenagers in Guangdong and small towns, people who want to be famous and fearless. He focused on the fate of the little people. After several years, the music ensemble, can everything be the same?

In the Golden Age of Remy Young, the hero Remy Young is trapped in a dirty, chaotic and crowded family, and he is eager to break out of the shackles and build a beautiful new world. After leaving the wilderness again and again, he was shocked that everyone was telling and confessing, spreading dark rumors to the world. Finally, with a sigh, return to his real world.

My Father’s House of Fantasies is a inner senses connected with the real world, which is constructed in fantastic imagination. The sudden disappearance of my father when I was young made the building he designed a fantastic space for me. With the "mystery of my father’s disappearance", "I" kept searching until the appearance of "Xu Lihu", which made "I" discover some clues … …

The opening of Love Story in Late Spring is the return of Pu Yilin. Lin, who has been abducted for more than 20 years, "went home", and the joy he recovered, familiar and unfamiliar relatives and friends, guilt and hatred hung over the Pu family for an instant. After the ups and downs, mother Fengtai fell into endless assumptions: if he was shown the "White Pagoda" near his home, would it be possible to get it-his son never left home, and everything in front of him would not have to be accepted in a hurry and panic?

"Lonely Hunter" is the twilight, when "she" dials the phone number randomly generated in her mind, her unstable mood and her whispers with no fixed destination. Don’t cross the line, don’t trespass, just vent everything by yourself. When the beep sounds, go back to the scene and look around, as if nothing had happened … …

Modern Express/Modern+Reporter Wen Ching Cheng

(Photo courtesy of the publishing house)

In life, we should get rid of some bad habits, starting with our regular routine and then going to our diet and daily life. Continuous health care the day after tomorrow is the key to longevity!

1. Get up early and do morning exercises

When you wake up in the morning, your blood viscosity is generally high and your blood pressure is at a high level. At this time, if you do strenuous exercise, you will suddenly increase the burden on your heart, which will easily lead to myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death, especially for people who are not in good health, such as hypertension or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

2. Eat fruit after meals

Some people think that eating fruit after meals can promote digestion, but it is not. Generally speaking, the food we eat must be digested for at least 1-2 hours when it enters the stomach. If we eat fruit immediately, there will be too much backlog in the stomach, which will affect the normal effect and absorption, and it is also easy to constipation.

Moreover, fruit is easy to ferment in the stomach, which will produce a lot of gas and make people have bad effects. Persisting in this bad habit for a long time will also lead to digestive dysfunction, so you should eat fruit, preferably 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals.

3. Drink more hot water

The phrase "Drink more hot water" appears so frequently that people mistakenly think that it is a good habit. Drinking hot water above 65℃ for a long time will damage oral mucosa, enamel, throat and even induce esophageal cancer. If your respiratory tract is infected, drinking more hot water may aggravate your condition.

The Journal of the British Medical Association has published that when a person has respiratory tract infection, such as a cold or bronchitis, the body will release a lot of water-retaining hormones. When the hormone content is high, drinking more water will cause excess water, imbalance of electrolytes in the body and hyponatremia.

4. Washing is more "healthy"

Sometimes too clean may damage the eyes or body. First, eye lotion, long-term use of eye drops containing chlorpheniramine, boric acid and polysorbate may hurt the eyes, and our eyes have self-cleaning ability. Second, excessive cleaning of women’s private parts will cause gynecological diseases. The best cleaning is warm water. Unless it is in the treatment period, it is best to clean it with clear water.

5, unbalanced catering

What you eat determines who you are. All the cells in your body, including brain cells, will be updated every five months. And some cells, such as the cells that make up your skin, regenerate every 30 days.

A healthy and balanced diet can provide nutrition and motivation to optimize brain function. Your diet will greatly affect your feelings. Nowadays, the diet of many of us is a disaster. Your daily diet can not only help the brain, but also cause harm to the brain.

The most beneficial diet for brain health includes:

A lot of pure water. There is 80% water in the brain.

Very few calories (calories). Obesity is harmful to the brain, because fat can store toxic substances, and obesity can double the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

Lean protein. Such as fish, chicken, lean pork, beef, etc., all contribute to the formation of neurons.

Complex, low glycemic index carbohydrates. Including whole grains, fruits and vegetables.

Healthy fat. Fish, avocados and raw nuts can maintain the cell membrane and myelin of nerve cells.

The diet contains a lot of antioxidants, such as blueberries. Eat "rainbow food" (that is, foods with many colors, not "rainbow candy").

6. skip dinner

Many people don’t eat dinner because they lose weight, or eat snacks and fruits when they are hungry, but in the long run, the nutrition needed by the body can’t keep up. The principle of this diet is that if you eat three meals irregularly, you will have gastrointestinal discomfort, which will steal your life for a long time. Or in order to save money or time, eating leftovers will lead to the risk of disease.

7. Watching TV/mobile phone too much

Use electronic products for a long time. For example, brushing your mobile phone, playing games, chasing dramas and watching short entertainment videos cause eye fatigue and consume liver and blood.

In another study, adults who watch TV for two or three hours a day have a significantly higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Generally speaking, watching TV is a kind of "mindless" behavior. Watch less if you can.

8, excessive alcohol and tobacco

In 2018, The Lancet, an authoritative medical journal in the world, published a research report, saying that even drinking a drop of wine will do harm to your health. As for smoking, research shows that the average life expectancy of smokers is ten years shorter than that of non-smokers.

The harm of smoking and drinking is beyond many people’s imagination. It is recommended that friends who are still smoking and drinking give up smoking and drinking as soon as possible.

9. Excessive sweetness (especially aspartame)

Many people say that they feel much better after they stop taking artificial sweeteners. Headache disappeared, thinking became clearer, joint pain was relieved, memory was enhanced, and surprisingly, some people even lost weight. I think this is also determined by our own genetic makeup. Some people seem to have no problem eating artificial sweeteners, while others have adverse reactions. However, it is better to eat less.

10. Stay up late for a long time

Staying up late is very harmful, which not only causes dark circles, but also reduces vision. The eyes will also be dry. Secondly, staying up late is harmful to our health. Some cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal diseases and decreased resistance are all related to staying up late.

11. grumpy

People who like to be grumpy and irritable for a long time can easily cause high blood pressure, heart disease, lung injury and liver injury. In the process of losing your temper, your breathing will become rapid and hyperventilate. The alveoli are constantly expanding, which is harmful to health. According to a study by Harvard University, people who are often angry are 4.7 times more likely to have a heart attack than ordinary people.

12. Sitting for a long time and not exercising.

Sedentary for a long time, lack of physical exercise, so that the human body’s consumption decreased, fat increased, causing obesity. In particular, the unwillingness to exercise after meals leads to the inability to metabolize sugar and fat in the body, which is prone to some basic chronic diseases in the elderly.

Don’t keep in good health after the age of 13 and 50.

When a person is over half a hundred, all the functions of the body will go downhill. If you stay up late, overeat and eat a lot of fish as you did when you were young, and you don’t care if you have the "three highs", people will quickly age or have a disease state.

People’s life is very fragile in middle age, so we should pay attention to health according to age and physique, otherwise accidents will easily occur.

14. Never have a physical examination.

It is easy for people to neglect health care when they are in good health, which will gradually cause hidden dangers to the body to varying degrees, so long-term care for health is more important than emergency treatment. It is suggested to have regular physical examination, pay attention to physical changes, and consult doctors and nutritionists in time to keep healthy.

There are many bad habits that "steal" people’s life. People with long life tend to be self-disciplined and know how to love themselves, because they understand the truth: life is given by their parents, and the extension of life is formed by long-term good living habits.

Moderation in everything and peace of mind prolong life. No matter what you eat or do, you should be in a "comfortable" state, so that you can get the password of a healthy and happy life.

Original title: "Get rid of these bad habits that make you" shorten your life "! People who live long are very self-disciplined.

Read the original text

"The decade since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has witnessed the greatest scientific and technological progress and the fastest improvement in scientific and technological strength. China’s scientific and technological undertakings have undergone historic, holistic and structural changes, successfully entered the ranks of innovative countries and fully integrated into the global innovation network, showing the overall layout and development trend with the characteristics of the new era."

On May 12th, Tommy, Vice Minister of Science and Technology, made the above summary on the development of science and technology at the press conference on the theme of "China this decade" held by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee.

In the past ten years, from innovation as the first driving force for development, to fully implementing the innovation-driven development strategy, to insisting on putting scientific and technological innovation at the core of the overall national development, and to taking scientific and technological self-reliance as the strategic support for national development, the road of independent innovation with China characteristics has become wider and wider.

The strength of science and technology has risen rapidly.

Statistics show that the total R&D expenditure in China is 2.7 times that in 2012, and the basic research expenditure is 3.4 times that in 2012. China’s global innovation index has risen by 22 places in ten years, making it the only country in the world that keeps rising rapidly.

All-round development, outstanding characteristics and quality improvement … In the past decade, science and technology have become the first driving force to support and lead China’s high-quality economic development and improve people’s livelihood.

Tommy summed up the important characteristics of China’s scientific and technological development in the past ten years-

The level of scientific research and the overall strength of the discipline have greatly increased. Several disciplines have reached the international leading level, and the research and development capabilities of scientific research institutions, universities and leading scientific and technological enterprises have obviously increased in the global position. There were less than 50,000 high-tech enterprises ten years ago, but now there are 330,000. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, three major international science and technology innovation centers, have all entered the top 10 in the ranking of global science and technology innovation clusters.

Produce a number of world-class scientific and technological achievements in the fields of basic research and strategic high technology. The exploration of Mars by Tian Wen, the landing of Chang ‘e on the moon, the successful docking of the core modules of Shenzhou XIII and Tianhe have made a great leap in China’s deep space exploration. The successful development of "Deep Sea Warrior", "Struggler" and "Haidou No.1" indicates that China has the ability to detect the depth of 10,000 meters in the whole sea. In the field of quantum science and technology, China has become the only country in the world that has reached the milestone of "the superiority of quantum computing" in two physical systems.

Independent research and development of a large number of advanced technical equipment and systems into practical use has become a "sharp weapon" to promote rapid industrial upgrading. Supercomputing, high-speed railway, smart grid, fourth-generation nuclear power and UHV transmission technology have all entered the world’s advanced ranks. In particular, the deep expansion of 5G R&D and application scenarios, and the initial establishment of China’s characteristic ecology for the development of artificial intelligence are accelerating the empowerment of all industries. With the support of large computing power and supercomputing, the digital economy is booming, and a number of smart cities, smart factories, intelligent medical care and intelligent transportation are taking shape.

At the same time, the number of original new drugs developed has increased significantly compared with ten years ago, and a variety of COVID-19 vaccines, detection reagents and therapeutic drugs have strongly supported the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic; In the front line of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, a large number of science and technology commissioners played an important role; The application of more than 200 achievements of "Science and Technology Winter Olympics" has strongly supported the high-quality hosting of the Beijing Winter Olympics …

"Of course, we are also clearly aware that compared with the world’s leading countries, China’s scientific and technological innovation still has a long way to go." Tommy said that facing the future, China’s scientific and technological circles will face up to problems, face up to difficulties and make unremitting efforts to build a world science and technology power.

System reform was accelerated.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has placed innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, unswervingly followed the road of independent innovation with China characteristics, and made full efforts to reform the scientific and technological system.

"The reform of the science and technology system has always been regarded as the focus of comprehensively deepening reform." Tommy said that in the decade since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform has considered more than 20 major reform programs in the field of science and technology. So far, the 143 tasks deployed in the implementation plan for deepening the reform of the science and technology system proposed by the central government have been fully completed, and the institutional and basic framework for supporting comprehensive innovation has been basically established. Substantial progress has been made in the reform of key areas and key links, and breakthroughs have been made in some key difficulties and blocking points that have not been solved for a long time. China has set up the National Science and Technology Advisory Committee for the first time, established the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee, reconstructed the science and technology planning system, solved the problem of closed and scattered allocation of science and technology resources, and the science and technology governance mechanism is more suitable for the needs of science and technology development. The national laboratory has been built, the reorganization of the national key laboratory system has been initiated, the autonomy of universities and research institutes has been expanded, the main position of enterprise innovation has been basically established, the national strategic scientific and technological strength has been further strengthened, and a strong synergy has been formed to promote scientific and technological innovation.

In the aspect of scientific research funds, the distribution policy oriented by knowledge value is implemented, the management system of scientific and technological projects and funds based on trust is established, the evaluation orientation centered on quality, performance and contribution is established, and the incentive for scientific researchers is greatly enhanced. Through the reform of "three evaluations", the reform of project evaluation, talent evaluation and institutional evaluation has been carried out in an orderly manner, and many localities and units have explored the realization path of classified evaluation.

Following the law of scientific exploration and technological innovation, we have implemented the system of "revealing the list and taking the lead" and "horse racing" for major tasks, implemented the chief scientist responsibility system for frontier exploration projects, and set up subversive technical projects to support scientists’ bold exploration. In the "14th Five-Year Plan" national key R&D plan, young scientists are generally set up, so that more young scientists can take the lead and take the lead, which has been widely welcomed. In addition, it also gives scientists greater decision-making power on technical routes and the right to use funds, freeing researchers from the cumbersome and unnecessary institutional constraints.

In order to solve the long-standing problem of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, an important orientation of scientific and technological system reform in recent years is to speed up the establishment of the transfer and transformation system of scientific and technological achievements and open up channels among science and technology, industry and finance. To this end, the reward for the transformation income of scientific and technological personnel has been greatly increased, the right to use, dispose of and benefit from scientific and technological achievements has been fully decentralized, and a pilot project has been carried out to give scientific and technological personnel ownership and long-term use rights.

Established a relatively complete inclusive policy and institutional arrangement to encourage enterprise innovation. The deduction ratio of R&D expenses of enterprises has increased from 50% in 2012 and 75% in 2018 to 100% in the fields of technology-based SMEs and manufacturing, which reflects the orientation of supporting technology-based SMEs. At present, more than 3/4 of China’s total social R&D investment is invested by enterprises, and 79% of the national key R&D plans are led or participated by enterprises.

The technology trading market continues to grow, and the activity of the technology trading market reflects the activity of the transfer and transformation of achievements. Last year, the national technology contract transaction volume reached 3.7 trillion, far exceeding the R&D investment of the whole society in that year and 5.8 times that of 2012.

In the capital market, the establishment of science and technology innovation board, the reform of the Growth Enterprise Market, the establishment of the North Stock Exchange, and the smooth channels for direct listing and financing of hard technology enterprises are forming a virtuous circle of mutual shaping of science and technology, industry and finance. In the past, weak ties, where science, technology and economy were amplified by the participation of financial and capital markets, has become a strong coupling now.

"To achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, China depends on high-level innovative talents in the final analysis." Tommy said that in the next step, the Ministry of Science and Technology will, in accordance with the deployment of the CPC Central Committee, take the implementation of the three-year plan for tackling key problems in scientific and technological reform as the main line, pay close attention to implementation, stimulate the innovative vitality of all kinds of talents, and make more researchers with real talents and practical knowledge available.