The Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out: "Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a profound change to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity." This assertion reveals the important role of deepening the reform of the party and state institutions in promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and also reveals the correct direction that must be grasped in deepening the reform of the party and state institutions. Promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is a complex systematic project. We must focus on the new era, effectively govern the country and society, improve the socialist market economic system, implement the people-centered development thinking, and uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the party. All these are closely related to the establishment of party and state institutions, the allocation of functions and the ability to perform their duties, and all need to be answered by deepening the reform of party and state institutions.
First, to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must adapt to the new era and effectively govern the country and society, which inevitably requires deepening the reform of the party and state institutions.
The national governance system and governance capacity are the concentrated expression of a country’s system and its implementation capacity. To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is to make all aspects of the system more scientific and perfect, to realize the institutionalization, standardization and proceduralization of the governance of the party, the state and society, to be good at using systems and laws to govern the country, and to improve the party’s scientific, democratic and legal governance. The functional system of the party and state institutions is an important part of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and an important guarantee for our party to govern the country. To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, improve the functional system of the party and state institutions, ensure the effective governance of the country and society, and realize the prosperity and long-term stability of the party and the country.
The CPC Central Committee has always attached great importance to the construction and reform of the party and state institutions. After the founding of New China, we gradually established a functional system of the Party and state institutions with Chinese characteristics, which played an important role in governing the country and promoting socialist construction. Since the reform and opening up, to meet the needs of the shift of the work center of the party and the state, our party has actively promoted the reform of the party and state institutions, and the functions of various institutions have been continuously optimized and gradually standardized, which has promoted the reform, opening up and socialist modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has adhered to and strengthened the overall leadership of the Party, firmly grasped the key of maintaining the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralizing and unifying leadership, deepened the reform of the Party and state institutions, and made significant progress in some important fields and key links, which provided a strong guarantee for the historic achievements and changes in the cause of the Party and the state.
Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. Our party, our country and our society have undergone and will continue to undergo profound changes. The task of governing the country is even more arduous, which puts forward new requirements for the establishment and functional allocation of the party and state institutions. We are not only required to base ourselves on the current situation and provide guarantee for winning a well-off society in an all-round way from the functions of the party and state institutions, but also to look to the future and pay attention to solving the long-term institutional problems. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China profoundly grasped the historic changes in the cause of the Party and the state and its new requirements for the organizational structure and management system, and clearly proposed to deepen the reform of the institutional and administrative systems, make overall consideration of various institutional settings, scientifically allocate the powers of the party and government departments and internal institutions, and clarify their responsibilities.
Facing the new requirements of the new era and new tasks, there are still many problems in the establishment of the party and state institutions, the allocation of functions and the ability to perform their duties compared with the requirements of effectively governing the country and society. For example, in some areas, the problems of overlapping party and government organs, overlapping responsibilities and disjointed powers and responsibilities are more prominent; Some government institutions are not scientifically set up and their responsibilities are divided, and the problems of lack of responsibilities and low efficiency are prominent, and the transformation of government functions is still not in place; In some areas, the functions of central and local institutions are generally rough, and the division of powers and responsibilities is not reasonable; The establishment of grass-roots institutions and the allocation of power need to be improved, and the ability to organize and serve the masses needs to be further improved. These problems need to be solved fundamentally by deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, adjusting and perfecting the systems and institutions.
Based on the analysis and judgment of the situation, tasks and practical problems, the Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed that we should take the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity as the guide, make overall plans to set up party and government institutions, optimize the setup and functional allocation of government institutions, make overall plans for the reform of party, government and military organizations, and rationally set up local institutions, so as to make the setup of party and state institutions more scientific, optimize their functions, coordinate their powers and responsibilities, and make supervision more powerful and efficient. Only by conscientiously implementing the reform ideas put forward in the Decision can we accelerate the formation of a systematic, scientific and standardized functional system of the Party and state institutions, smoothly modernize the national governance system and governance capacity, achieve the goal of effectively governing the country and society, and better meet the development requirements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
Second, to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must improve the socialist market economic system, which inevitably requires deepening the reform of the party and state institutions.
The economic base determines the superstructure, and the superstructure reacts on the economic base. The superstructure must adapt to the situation of the economic base, which is the basic law of social development. At the second plenary session of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "It is necessary to make all aspects of system reform advance in the direction of establishing a sound socialist market economic system, and at the same time make all aspects of their own related links better adapt to the new requirements put forward by the development of socialist market economy." To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must follow this requirement and do it according to this requirement.
To improve the socialist market economic system, the core is to properly handle the relationship between the government and the market, so that the "invisible hand" of the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and the role of the "visible hand" of the government can be better played. To achieve this goal, the key is to transform government functions, which is an important task to deepen the reform of the party and state institutions. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, we have focused on establishing a socialist market economic system, promoted economic system and other aspects of institutional reform, and successfully realized the historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economic system to a dynamic socialist market economic system, and realized the historic transformation from an institutional functional system under the planned economy to an institutional functional system under the socialist market economy. In this process, we continued to promote the transformation of government functions, and did a lot of work in improving macro-control, reducing micro-intervention, and strengthening market supervision, effectively coordinating economic and social development and strengthening social management and public services.
At present, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and China’s economic development has also entered a new era. China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. To promote high-quality development, we must take supply-side structural reform as the main line, accelerate the transformation of development mode, optimize economic structure, and transform growth momentum, and strive to build an economic system with effective market mechanism, dynamic micro-subjects, and moderate macro-control, so as to better promote quality change, efficiency change and power change of economic development. Compared with this requirement, the institutional obstacles to China’s economic development have not been completely eliminated, especially the transformation of government functions is not yet in place, the role of the market and society is not fully played, some things that should be managed are not well managed or in place, some rights that should be released are not decentralized or put in place, too much intervention is made in microeconomic affairs, the functions of social management and public services are weak, and some functions are misplaced, offside and absent. The existence of these problems, to a certain extent, restricts the perfection of the socialist market economic system and inhibits the vitality of economic and social development. At the same time, it is also prone to corruption such as abusing power for personal gain and trading power and money, which damages the relationship between the party and the masses and the prestige of the government. This requires deepening the institutional reform of the Party and the state, scientifically setting up institutions, rationally allocating functions, making overall use of staffing, and improving institutional mechanisms around making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and giving full play to the role of the government, further rationalizing the relationship between the government and the market, the government and society, fully and correctly performing government functions, and promoting higher quality, more efficient, fairer and more sustainable development.
The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee put forward that we should resolutely get rid of the shortcomings of the system and mechanism that restrict the market from playing a decisive role in resource allocation and giving full play to the role of the government, focus on promoting high-quality development, building a modern economic system, strengthening and improving the government’s functions of economic regulation, market supervision, social management, public services and ecological environment protection, adjusting and optimizing the functions of government institutions, comprehensively improving government efficiency and building a service-oriented government that people are satisfied with. At the same time, the "Decision" also points out the specific path and direction of reform in seven aspects: rationally allocating the functions of macro-management departments, further promoting decentralization, improving market supervision and law enforcement system, reforming natural resources and ecological environment management system, improving public service management system, strengthening supervision after the event, and improving administrative efficiency. These requirements and arrangements should be fully implemented in deepening the reform of the party and state institutions.
Third, to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must implement the people-centered development thinking, which inevitably requires deepening the reform of the party and state institutions.
The people are the source of strength of our party, and the people’s position is the fundamental political position of our party. The fundamental purpose of our party to lead the people to build a well-off society in an all-round way, carry out reform, opening up and socialist modernization is to continuously improve people’s material and cultural living standards and promote people’s all-round development by developing social productive forces. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the second plenary session of the First Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee: "It is the initial intention of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to seek happiness for the people. We must always remember this initial heart and always take the people’s yearning for a better life as our goal. " To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must always adhere to the people-centered principle and take the promotion of people’s well-being and all-round development as the starting point and the end result. Adhering to the people-centered principle cannot stay at the conceptual level, but should be implemented in the practice of economic and social development. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the system construction, deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, improve the system of people being the masters of the country, and provide more effective forms and stronger guarantees for the people to manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs according to law.
Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, we have actively built a learning-oriented political party and a service-oriented government, actively promoted office informationization and openness of party affairs and government affairs, and actively built a power operation and supervision system. Through innovative institutional arrangements, we will improve the ability and level of the party and state institutions to perform their duties, create a fairer and more just social environment, ensure people’s equal participation and equal development rights, and realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At the same time, we should also be soberly aware that the government’s social management and public service functions are still relatively weak, the institutional obstacles for the government to fully and correctly perform its functions still exist to a certain extent, and the basic livelihood issues related to the vital interests of the people are still outstanding.
With Socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. In the new stage of development, people’s needs for a better life are increasingly extensive, which not only puts forward higher requirements for material and cultural life, but also increases requirements for democracy, rule of law, fairness, justice, security and environment. A fundamental measure is to deepen the reform of the party and state institutions in order to adapt to the major social contradictions and changes, concentrate all efforts to solve the problem of insufficient development imbalance, and implement the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly in all activities of governing the country.
The Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, in combination with the new conditions and characteristics of the times, regards people-centered as an important principle for deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions, and requires upholding the people’s dominant position, persisting in building the Party for the public and governing for the people, implementing the Party’s mass line, improving the system of people being masters of their own affairs, and improving the system and mechanism of making profits for the people, doing things for the people, relieving their worries, safeguarding their rights and interests, listening to their voices and accepting their supervision. At the same time, the "Decision" also highlights the people-centered development thought in six aspects: improving the public service management system, deepening the reform of people’s congresses, CPPCC and judicial institutions, deepening the reform of mass organizations, promoting the reform of social organizations, accelerating the reform of public institutions, and building a simple and efficient grass-roots management system. Conscientiously implementing these requirements and arrangements, the work efficiency and service level of the party and state institutions will be improved, the functions of social management and public service will be optimized and strengthened, and the strength and resources for serving the people’s livelihood will be strengthened, so as to better meet the people’s growing needs in economy, politics, culture, society and ecology, and better promote people’s all-round development, social progress and common prosperity.
Fourth, to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the party, which inevitably requires deepening the reform of the party and state institutions.
Party, government, military and civilian studies, east, west, north and south, the party is the leader of everything. The most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the Party is the highest political leadership, which is at the core of leadership in China’s national governance system. Without the leadership of the Party, it is impossible for China to achieve all its modernization goals. The modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is the modernization under the leadership of our party, not the modernization under the leadership of other political forces. The promotion and realization of this modernization can not only shake the party’s leadership, but also help to uphold and strengthen the party’s overall leadership. To uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, we must deepen the reform of the Party and state institutions, improve the institutional arrangements to ensure the Party’s overall leadership, strive to solve the institutional mechanism problem of the Party’s leadership over all work from the institutional function, solve the institutional functional relationship problem of the party, government and military groups in the state governance system under the condition of the Party’s long-term governance, implement the Party’s leadership in all aspects of the performance of duties by the Party and state organs, and ensure the Party’s long-term governance and long-term stability of the country from the institutional perspective.
At present, the party’s leadership and the promotion of the "Four Greatness" are generally coordinated. Upholding, supporting, obeying, maintaining and defending the party’s leadership is the general consensus and conscious action of the whole party, the whole army and the people of all nationalities in the country, and all aspects of institutional mechanisms have generally provided strong support for the realization of party leadership. At the same time, it should be noted that due to the one-sided understanding and implementation of the separation of party and government for a period of time, the weakening of party leadership still exists in some fields to varying degrees, and the party’s institutional setup and functional allocation are not sound enough. The system and mechanism for ensuring the party’s overall leadership and promoting the comprehensive and strict management of the party need to be improved. To solve these problems, we must unswervingly implement the party’s basic theory, basic line and general plan, unswervingly and comprehensively administer the party strictly, improve the party’s creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness, fight against all kinds of words and deeds that negate, weaken and dilute the party’s leadership, and deepen the reform of the party and state institutions to improve the party’s leadership system and mechanism.
The Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out: "The overall leadership of the party is the fundamental guarantee for deepening the reform of the party and state institutions." The "Decision" also emphasizes: "Strengthen the party’s leadership over all work throughout all aspects and the whole process of reform, improve the institutional arrangements to ensure the party’s overall leadership, improve the party’s leadership style and ruling style, and enhance the party’s ability and determination to take the direction, seek the overall situation, formulate policies, and promote reform." At the same time, the "Decision" makes specific arrangements for improving the system of adhering to the party’s overall leadership from five aspects: establishing and perfecting the party’s leadership system and mechanism for major work, strengthening the leading position of party organizations in organizations at the same level, giving full play to the role of the party’s functional departments, making overall plans for setting up party and government institutions, and promoting the reform of the party’s discipline inspection system and the state supervision system. We must conscientiously implement these requirements and arrangements, optimize the party’s organizational structure, ensure the full coverage of the party’s leadership, and ensure that the party’s leadership is stronger.
It should be pointed out that to uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party, the first thing is to resolutely safeguard the core position of the Party Central Committee, the Supreme Leader General Secretary, and the core position of the whole Party, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership. To deepen the reform of the Party and state institutions, we must adhere to the direction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, enhance our political awareness, overall awareness, core awareness and conformity awareness, and consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core in ideological and political actions, which must be conducive to the scientific formation, correct implementation and full implementation of the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee. Around this major issue, we should find the right direction and focus in deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, and there should be no ambiguity and hesitation in strengthening, adjusting, perfecting and improving. (Ding Xuexiang)
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